Monosaccharides

Question 1

What are the 3 compounds found in carbohydrates

Answer 1

1. Carbon
2. Hydrogen
3. Oxygen

Question 2

What is the ratio of atoms in a carbohydrate

Answer 2

A carbohydrate usually has the same number of carbon and oxygen atoms but twice as many hydrogen atoms (CH₂0)

Question 3

What are the primary functions of carbohydrates

Answer 3

• Carbohydrates are a source of energy for all living organisms and
• Carbohydrate polymers can add strength and support to cell surface membranes e.g.plant cell walls and insect skeletons

Question 4

What are the 3 main types of Carbohydrate

Answer 4

• Monosaccharide (MONO SACC HARIDE)
• Disaccharide (Di SACC HARIDE)
• Polysaccharide (POLY SACC HARIDE)

Question 5

What is the general formula for monosaccharide?

Answer 5

(CH₂0)n

Question 6

How many isomers do monosaccharides have?

Answer 6

Two isomers, including ∝and β glucose

Question 7

How are the names of monosaccharides determined?

Answer 7

By the number of carbon atoms (n) in the molecule

e.g.

• Triose sugars - 3 carbon atoms
• ​Pentose sugars - 5 carbon atoms
• Hexose sugars - 6 carbon atoms

Question 8

3 points

What are monosaccharides?

Answer 8

• Monosaccharides are the simplest forms of carbohydrate
• They provide the building blocks for larger carbohydrate molecules
• They also act as a respiratory substrate, providing cells with an energy source

Question 9

What is an example of a Triose sugar

Answer 9

Glyceraldehyde (GLY CERAL DE HYDE)

Question 10

What are 3 examples of Pentose sugars

Answer 10

1. Ribose - Important part of the RNA molecule and involved in passing on the genetic code
2. Deoxyribose - Important part of the DNA molecule
3. Ribulose - Helps to fix carbon atoms from carbon dioxide into carbohydrate molecules in photo synthesis

Question 11

What are 3 examples of Hexoses

Answer 11

• Glucose - The main energy source for most living cells
  
  • It is the first carbohydrate produced during pohotosynthesis, and forms the building blocks for many other larger carbohydrates
• Fructose - Is a very sweet sugar
  
  • It combines with glucose to form the disaccharide sucrose which you put in your team
• Galactose
  
  • It is found in mik. It comnines with glucose to form the disaccharide milk sugar molecule lactose

Question 12

What is a structural isomer

Answer 12

• Alpha glucose and Beta glucose molecules have the same chemical formula (C₆H₁₂O₆₎ but they have different structural formula
• These molecules are therefore structural isomers

Question 13

What are the 4 functions of monosaccharides?

Answer 13

Monosaccharides provide

A source of energy in respiration i.e. Carbon-hydrogen and carbon-carbon bonds are broken down to release energy, which is transferred to make ATP

Monosaccharides act as the building blocks for larger molecules e.g. Glucose is used to make the polysaccharides starch, glycogen and cellulose

Intermdiates in reactions e.g. Trioses are the intermediates in the reactions of respiration and photosynthesis

Monosaccharides act as the constituents of nucleotides e.g. Deoxyribose in DNA, Ribose in DNA, ATP and ADP