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biological Molecules Water And Carbohydrates > Monomers And Polymers > Flashcards

Monomers And Polymers Flashcards

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Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are polymers made up of?

A

large number of monomers joined together

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2
Q

What are monosaccharides, amino acid’s and nucleotides examples of?

A

Monomers

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3
Q

What are the products of a condensation reaction?

A

Polymer and water

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4
Q

How do you monomers join?

A

By condensation reaction

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5
Q

How are polymers broken down

A

By hydrolysis reactions

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6
Q

What are monosaccharides?

A

Basic molecular units or monomers of which other carbohydrates are composed

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7
Q

What about the different isomers of glucose?

A

Alpha glucose and beta glucose

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8
Q

What is the difference between alpha glucose and beta glucose?

A

And carbon one the other OH group points upwards in beta glucose whereas in alpha glucose the OH points down

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9
Q

What are disaccharides?

A

Two monosaccharides linked together

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10
Q

What happens when two monosaccharides joined together?

A

A molecule of water is formed and a Glyco Siddick bond

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11
Q

What is the difference between condensation and hydrolysis reactions

A

Condensation – joins monomers together producing a polymer and a molecule of water.

Hydrolysis reaction – water is used to separate the polymer by breaking bones

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12
Q

Give examples of disaccharides

A

Maltose, sucrose and lactose

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13
Q

Give examples of monosaccharides

A

Glucose, galactose, and fructose

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14
Q

Give examples of polysaccharides

A

Starch, cellulose and glycogen

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15
Q

What are starch grains used for?

A

Storage in plants

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16
Q

What two different polymers is starch made from?

A

Amylose and Amylopectin

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17
Q

What are starch and glycogen made from

A

Alpha glucose

18
Q

What is cellulars made from?

A

Beta glucose

19
Q

What does cellulose make

A

Plant cell walls

20
Q

Explain the structure of amylopectin

A

It is branched

The branches allow the amylopectin to be quickly hydrolysed by amylase to for Moltose

21
Q

What bonds does amylopectin form?

A

1-4

1-6

22
Q

What bonds does Amylose form

A

1-4 only

23
Q

Describe the structure of amylose

A

A compact helical chain

This helps it start large numbers of glucose molecules in a small space

24
Q

What are starch and glycogen used for?

A

Energy storage

25
Q

Why are glycogen and starch well suited as energy storage molecules?

A

Compact
Large and insoluble
Inert
Glycogen and amylopectin are quickly hydrolysed

26
Q

Why is it effective for glucose and starch to be compact?

A

So they start lots of glucose glucose in a small space

27
Q

Why is it effective for glucose and starch to be large and insoluble ?

A

So they cannot diffuse out of cells in which they are stored

Insoluble means no osmotic Effects

28
Q

What type of reaction is involved in the joining of two be to glucose molecules?

A

Condensation

29
Q

How are to beta glucose molecules linked?

A

By the molecule on the left being inverted

30
Q

How is Celulose suited to its function

A

Glucose molecules for straight unbranched chains

The change run parallel to each other and hydrogen bonds formed cross linkages between Chains

Collectively hydrogen bonds are strong and provide high tensile strength

This makes the cell wall rigid and prevents osmotic lysis

31
Q

State the type of reaction involved in the breakdown of lactose ?

A

Hydrolysis

32
Q

Name the bond that is broken during hydrolysis reaction

A

Glycosidic

33
Q

Name the molecules produced when lactulose is broken down

A

Glucose and galactose

34
Q

Name the products produced in the breal down of maltose

A

To glucose molecules

35
Q

Name the product produced in the breakdown of sucrose

A

Glucose and fructose

36
Q

Maltose, sucrose, and lactose are all examples of ..

A

disaccharides

37
Q

Glucose, galactose, and fructose are all examples of ..

A

monosaccharides

38
Q

Starch, cellulose and glycogen are all examples of .

A

polysaccharides

39
Q

what is polymerisation?

A

monomers join to form polymers

40
Q

state 2 features of monosaccharides

A
  • soluble

- sweet

41
Q

what is a reducing sugar?

A

those with the ability to donate electrons

so it is reduced

42
Q

GIve two uses of polysaccharides

A
  • storage

- structural support

biological Molecules Water And Carbohydrates (4 decks)

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