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MEDICAL SURGICAL 3 > MONKEYPOX > Flashcards

MONKEYPOX Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

is a rare zoonotic viral infection

A

Monkeypox l

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2
Q

Define the two clades of Monkeypox.

A

*Clade 1 (Congo Basin) known for higher virulence and mortality rates

*Clade 2 (West African) which is generally less virulent

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3
Q

What is the mortality rate of two clades of monkeypox

A

*Clade 1 have higher mortality rates (up to 10%)

*Clade 2 has lower mortality rates (around 1%).

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4
Q

What is the incubation period for Monkeypox?

A

3 to 17 days, with a possible extension up to 21 days.

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5
Q

Symptoms of Monkeypox.

A

FHM BSR

Fever
Headache
Muscle aches

Back pain
swollen lymph nodes
Rash that progresses to lesions

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6
Q

How is Monkeypox transmitted from animals to humans?

A

Through bites or scratches

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7
Q

What are the human-to-human transmission methods for Monkeypox?

A

SSR

Sexual intercourse

Skin-to-skin contact

Respiratory droplets

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8
Q

Define the infection control measures for Monkeypox.

A

PUH

Placing the patient in a single room with a dedicated bathroom

Using PPE like N95 masks and gloves

Hand-washing with 60% alcohol

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9
Q

Describe the recommended room conditions for a Monkeypox patient.

A

A Monkeypox patient should be placed in a negative pressure room and keep the door closed at all times

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10
Q

What personal protective equipment (PPE) is recommended for Monkeypox care?

A

N95 masks

Gloves

Gowns

Face/eye shields

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11
Q

How long does the Monkeypox virus typically stay in the environment?

A

15 days

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12
Q

What are the environmental transmission methods for Monkeypox?

A

contaminated environments via fomites and aerosols

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13
Q

Describe the contagious stage of Monkeypox

A

When the lesions are present

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14
Q

Describe the incubation period of the illness

A

The incubation period lasts 1-2 weeks, during which there are no symptoms and the individual is not contagious.

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15
Q

Refers to the early set of symptoms that may include fever, malaise, headache, sore throat, cough, and swollen lymph nodes.

A

Prodrome

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16
Q

Hallmark characteristic of monkeypox is ?

A

Lymphadenopathy

17
Q

What are the different types of rash lesions and their characteristics?

A

MPV PS

Macules (flat, discolored spots

Papule (raised bumps from macules)

Vesicles (fluid-filled blisters from papules)

Pustules (pus-filled lesions from vesicles)

Scabs (dried crusts from healing lesions)

18
Q

How long do macular and papular lesions last?

A

1-2 days

19
Q

What is the duration of pustular lesions?

A

5-7 days

20
Q

When does a person become contagious during the illness?

A

When lesions are fluid filled (vesicle or pustule) or when scabs are present

21
Q

Describe the key characteristics of the lesions associated with this illness.

A

FW DUPI

Firm/rubbery
Well-circumcised
Deep-seated
Umbilication
Painful
Itchy, especially during the healing phase

22
Q

How do lesions spread on the body?

A

Centrifugal

Lesions start in the face and palms, then spread to the hands, feet, arms, legs, central parts of the body, including the trunk, and finally to the oral mucosa and genital area.

23
Q

What systemic symptoms accompany the lesions?

A

Systemic symptoms may include fever, headache, muscle aches, and swollen lymph nodes.

24
Q

is a lipid conjugate of cidofovir that inhibits viral DNA synthesis by interfering with viral replication.

A

Brincidofovir (CMX001 or Tembexa)

25
Q

is an acyclic nucleotide analog that inhibits viral DNA polymerase, thereby preventing viral replication.

A

Cidofovir (Vistide)

26
Q

What are the potential side effects of antiviral drugs used in monkeypox treatment?

A

Hepatotoxic

*requiring monitoring of creatinine levels

27
Q

List supportive treatments for managing symptoms of monkeypox.

A

NACH

NSAIDs, acetaminophen (Fever + Pain)
Antihistamines
Calamine lotion
Hydrocortisone cream (Pruritus)

28
Q

Identify the types of diagnostic tests that may be ordered for monkeypox.

A

PCC

PCR tests to confirm the diagnosis of monkeypox

CBC

Culture and sensitivity

29
Q

Lymph nodes that are swollen in patient with monkeypox are?

A

SAID

Sub mandibulat
Axillary
Inguinal
Deep cervical (most common)

30
Q

This antiviral medication inhibit the viral protein involved in the formation of the viral envelop thereby preventing the release of infectious particles.

A

Tecovirimat (TPOXX)

31
Q

Can the virus be transferred through placenta? YES or NO

A

YES

MEDICAL SURGICAL 3 (6 decks)

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