KIDNEY TRANSPLANT Flashcards
What is the treatment of choice for most patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD)?
Kidney transplantation
Is kidney transplantation an emergency procedure?
No, it is an elective procedure
Patients should be in the best possible condition prior to transplantation.
What types of donors can provide kidneys for transplantation?
Living or deceased donors
What is paired donor exchange in kidney transplantation?
Recipients swap willing donors
This contemporary development increases transplant opportunities.
What are some contraindications for kidney transplantation?
RASCCIH
Recent malignancy
Active or chronic infection
Severe irreversible extrarenal disease
Class II obesity (BMI>35 kg/m2)
Current substance abuse
Inability to give informed consent
History of nonadherence to treatment regimen
Where is the transplanted kidney typically placed in the recipient’s body?
In the iliac fossa anterior to the iliac crest
This location allows for easier access to the blood supply.
What is an important indicator of the overall success of kidney transplantation?
The production of urine after blood supply restoration
What are the goals of preoperative management for kidney transplantation?
NEP
Normalize metabolic state
Ensure patient is infection-free
Prepare patient for surgery
What tests are performed to assess compatibility before kidney transplantation?
TBA
Tissue typing
Blood typing
Antibody screening
What medications are prescribed after kidney transplantation?
Immunosuppressive medications
They prevent transplant rejection but leave the patient at risk for infection.
An immediate antibody-mediated reaction that occurs within 24 hors after transplant. It leads to generalized glomerular capillary thrombosis and necrosis and requires the immediate removal of the transplanted organ.
Hyperacute rejection
How soon can acute rejection occur after kidney transplantation?
Within 3 to 14 days
Symptoms include tenderness at the transplant site and a decrease in serum creatinine.
What are common signs of transplant rejection that nurses should assess for?
- Oliguria
- Edema
- Fever
- Increasing blood pressure
- Weight gain
- Tenderness over the transplanted kidney
Early detection of these signs is crucial for effective management.
What complications can arise from immunosuppressive therapy after kidney transplantation?
- Nephrotoxicity
- Hypertension
- Hyperlipidemia
- Hirsutism
- Tremors
- Blood dyscrasias
- Cataracts
- Gingival hyperplasia
- Several types of cancer
What postoperative care is essential for the organ donor?
- Pain management
- Fluid and electrolyte monitoring
- Follow-up care
Donors require similar care to recipients after the procedure.
