Monitoring the CV Patient - Quiz 2 Flashcards
Why are A-Lines used?
- Real time BP
- Frequent Blood Draws
- Bypass, IABP, Vasoactive Drugs, Deliberate Hypotension
- Cant do NIBP d/t burns, obesity
- Pulse Contour Analysis: SPV, SV
- Easy to place
- Hand has good collateral circulation
What are the complications to placing a Radial Art Line?
Vasospastic Disease
Prolonged Shock
High-Dose Pressors
Prolonged Cannulation
Why is a Brachial Art Line NOT preferred over a Radial Art Line?
Needs longer catheter to get around elbow
Arm needs to stay extended
Collateral circulation not as good as hand
What technique should be used for placing a Femoral Arterial Line?
Guide-Wire Technique
Poke Fem artery below Inguinal Ligament
What amount of Systolic Pressure Variation indicates Hypovolemia?
> 15 mmHg or Δdown 15 mmHg
(Δdown 5 mmHg = ↓venous return)
What does the PulseCO system do?
Predicts increase in stroke volume from fluids and helps identify Hypovolemia
Similar to Echo preload numbers
Needs mech. vent & limited by arrythmias
When is a Central Line indicated?
CVP
Advanced CV Disease
Major Operation
Secure Vascular Access
Craniotomy Air Aspiration
Cant get Peripheral
Swanz, Pacer
Where is the Internal Jugular Vein located?
Between Sternal & Clavicular heads of Sternocleidomastoid muscle, Anterior to the Carotid
What is used in the Seldinger Method of inserting a CVC?
22G Finder
18G Needle
Guidewire
Scalpel
Dilator
Catheter
Where should the needle be inserted when placing a CVC?
Towards Ipsilateral Nipple
When placing a CVC, why is the Subclavian sometimes placed instead of an IJ?
C-Spine Precautions
Better Patient Comfort
2% Pneumo Risk
What is are the advantages of gaining an External Jugular access?
Easy & No Pneumo Risk
What are the complications of Double cannulating the same vein?
Vein Avulsion
Tangled Catheter
Catheter Fracture
When should CVP be measured?
End-Expiration
(Zero @ Mid-Axillary)
What can a Pulmonary Artery Catheter measure?
CO
PAP
PCWP
CVP
What are complications associated w/ Pulmonary Artery Catheters?
Serious: Knotting, Pulm. Infarction, PA Rupture d/t overwedge, Endocarditis
Transient RBBB
Dont Place with LBBB
Death
Cardiac Output from a Pulm. Artery Catheter allows for calculation of ____________
Cardiac Output from a Pulm. Artery Catheter allows for calculation of Oxygen Delivery (DO2)
How is Thermodilution done?
- Inject 10cc of room temp/iced D5W into CVP port at End Expiration
- Measure change in blood temp at thermistor
- Average of 3 Measures
With Thermodilution, Cardiac Output is _______ proportional to area under curve
With Thermodilution, Cardiac Output is Inversely proportional to area under curve
What are some problems with measuring Cardiac Output w/ a PA Cath?
Inaccurate temps d/t:
Thermistor Blood Clot
Shunts
Tricuspid Regurg
What can be used as an Indirect Cardiac Output indicator?
SvO2 if O2, VO2 & Hg are constant
Normal SvO2 60-75%