Monitoring methods

Question 1

Micro-electrode array

Answer 1

f

Question 2

Patch clamp

Answer 2

Whole cell Perforated Inside out

Question 3

Epifluorescence microscope

Answer 3

Light of the excitation wavelength is focused on the specimen through the objective lens. The fluorescence emitted by the specimen is focused to the detector by the same objective that is used for the excitation. Since most of the excitation light is transmitted through the specimen, only reflected excitatory light reaches the objective together with the emitted light and the epifluorescence method therefore gives a high signal-to-noise ratio. An additional barrier filter between the objective and the detector can filter out the remaining excitation light from fluorescent light.

Question 4

Electrodes

Answer 4

f

Question 5

Optogenetics

Answer 5

f

Question 6

FDG-PET

Answer 6

f

Question 7

MRI

Answer 7

f

Question 8

31 Phosphorous spectroscopy

Answer 8

f

Question 9

Line scan confocals

Answer 9

f

Question 10

Confocal microscopy

Answer 10

f

Question 11

RT-qPCR

Answer 11

Reverse transcription makes template-copied DNA from the RNA using RTase

PCR uses 3 steps:
​Annealing specific upstream and downstream primers of the target sequence: Extension using heat-stable DNA polymerasse; strand-separation by heat-denaturation. In real-time, the ongoing binding of labelled indicator sequence quantitates the build-up of product at each cycle: the earlier the cycle number when product is detectable, the higher the concn of initial cDNA