Mongols Flashcards
What was the largest empire in the history of the world?
the Mongol Empire
stretching from the Pacific of Asia to the Mediterranean Sea
What was the positive impact of the Mongol vastness?
they imposed peace and represented the first type of globalization
What type of people were the Mongols?
pastoralists peoples
What are Mongol families/clans called?
oboq
What is the leader of an oboq?
Khan
What were the assemblies of the oboq?
quiriltai
Who was the most important figure of Mongolia?
Temujin
Who did Temujin become?
Genghis Khan, the universal leader of everything from ocean to ocean
What did Genghis Khan decide for the empire?
to begin expanding
What were the reasons for expansion?
religion: they were a chosen people
population was growing: needed more land
wanted to keep fighting: avoid civil war
liked to fight for fun
Why was their expansion so successful?
Great Leadership
Religion
Imperial Administration
Large and good army
Why was Mongolia’s army good?
had 200,000 soldiers on horseback
they’re used to traveling long distances
use arrows with a superior bow
used spies to learn about armies before attack to learn about the leaders and geography
What battle took place in Russia?
Battle of Kalka River
How did the Mongols defeat the Russians?
They approached them and pretend to be afraid and fled
the Russians chased them down for a week, making them super tired,
Mongols stopped, turned around, and attacked and won
What was the new title for the leader?
Khagan - Khan of Khans
Who did Genghis Khan choose for the next Khagan?
Ogedei
What did Ogedei develop?
imperial administration
How was imperial administration structured?
established a capital for the empire: Kara Korum
systemized their tax system
created the yam: Mongol messenger system
What countries did Ogedei conquer to continue expansion?
Jin Empire
All of Russia
Germany and Hungary
Why did the Mongols stop expanding into Europe?
Ogedei died
Who ruled the empire after Ogedei’s death?
His wife, Toregene
What did Toregene want?
a secure throne for her son, Guyuk
What happened after Guyuk died?
Ogulgaimish (Guyuk’s wife) fought against Sorghagtani (Genghis Khan’s son’s wife)
They each wanted their son to rule
Who won the wife battle and who was the new rule?
Sorghagteni won, her son Mongke is chosen
What did Mongke do until 1260?
Expand
What was the battle between the Egyptians and Mongols?
Battle of Ain Jalut
What was significant about the Battle of Ain Jalut?
Mongols are defeated for the first time and their image of invincibility vanishes
What lead to civil war in Mongolia?
the battle between Kubilai and Ariq-boke
Kubilai fought for the heritage of the Mongol People
Ariq-boke believed Mongols were becoming too civilized and were losing their edge
Who won the civil war and what was their name?
Kubiai won, becomes Kubilai Khan
What did the Mongol Empire do before collapse?
divided into smaller Khanates provinces
Why was the Mongol collapse the end for pastoralists peoples?
the introduction of gunpowder drastically changes military technology
