MONERA (eubacteria)

Question 1

Eubacteria are also called?

Answer 1

True bacteria.

Question 2

The cell wall of Eubacteria?

Answer 2

Rigid and made out of peptidoglycans.

Question 3

The mode of nutrition?

Answer 3

1) Autotrophs(which means photosynthesis or chemosynthesis)
2) Heterotrophs
3) Symbiotic Bacteria.

Question 4

They move with the help of?

Answer 4

flagella

Question 5

Eubacteria consists of?

Answer 5

cell envelop
cytoplasm
surface appendages( pilli and flagella)

Question 6

Cell envelope consists of how many structures? Name them.

Answer 6

It is made up of 3 layers.
1) glycocalyx
2) cell wall
3) cell membrane

Question 7

How many parts are glycocalyx further divided in?

Answer 7

Capsule.
Slime layer.

Question 8

Glycocalyx (capsule)

Answer 8

It is thick, smooth and regular.

#if Capsule present then capsulated bacteria.
# function is to protect from WBC

Question 9

Glycocalyx. (Slime layer)

Answer 9

thin, soft , irregular and sticky
# molecules of Polysaccharides a loosely arranged.
# function is too help in colony formation.

Question 10

How many types of cell wall are there in eubacteria?

Answer 10

There are 2 types of cell wall.
Gram positive.(G+)
Gram negative (G-)

Question 11

Gram positive cell wall.

Answer 11

Single layered cell wall.
Composed of peptidoglycan layer.

Question 12

Gram negative cell wall.

Answer 12

Double layred cell wall
Outer layer- lipopolysaccharide.
Inner layer- Peptidoglycan.
It is a more complex cell wall.

Question 13

How many types of cytoplasmic structures are there?

Answer 13

a) Mesosomes
b) Storage granules.
c) Photosynthetic pigments.
d) Nucleoids.

Question 14

What are mesosomes?

Answer 14

Infolding of cell membrane/ plasma membrane.

Question 15

What are the functions of Mesosomes?

Answer 15

Helps in cell respiration.
Helps in formation of cell wall.
Helps in DNA replication/ Distribution in daughter bacterial cells.

Question 16

Photosynthetic structure.

Answer 16

Some bacterias, like purple bacteria in green sulphur bacteria, have the capacity of photosynthesis.

#In this, bacterial photosynthetic pigments are present.
#Purple bacteria has bacterial chlorophyll A and B.

Question 17

Staining of bacteria

Answer 17

Bacteria are stained with crystal Violet and then KI solution.
And then washed with acetone or ethyl alcohol.
Bacteria which retains stsin are Gram(+) and which decolourise are Gram(-)

Question 18

nutrition

Photosynthetic autotrophs.

Answer 18

They use light energy for food synthesis.
It is a non oxygenic photosynthetic process.( no oxygen required)
ex: Chromatium, chlorobium, Rhodopseudomonas.

Question 19

nutrition

Chemosynthetic autotrophs

Answer 19

Use chemical energy for food formation.
The oxidised nitrogenous compounds and obtain energy.
They play a great role in recycling nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, iron and sulphur.

Question 20

Respiration of eubacteria

Answer 20

1) aerobic bacteria.
They use oxygen in respiration.
ex: azotobacter
2) Anaerobic bacteria.
They do not use oxygen in respiration.
ex: lactobacillus, acetobacter aceti

Question 21

Reproduction of eubacteria.

Answer 21

1) Asexual reproduction
* Binary fission.
* Endospore formation.
2)Sexual reproduction
* Conjugation.
* Transformation.
* Transduction.

Question 22

Asexual reproduction.

Binary fission.

Answer 22

Most common method.
Bacterial cells divides into 2 daughter cells.
There are 3 steps of binary fission.
1) DNA replication.
2) SEPTA formation.
3) Synthesise of cell wall.

It is a Amitosis division( fast method, prophase anaphase metaphase telophase are absent)

Question 23

Asexual reproduction.

Endospore formation.

Answer 23

Bacteria cells form endospores.
Endospores form in Bacillus type of bacteria.
It is considered as reproduction without multiplication.

Question 24

Sexual reproduction.

Conjugation.

Answer 24

Gene transfer from one bacteria to another bacteria.