Monera Flashcards
Every bacteria are unicellular or multi cellular
Unicellular (Single celled organisms)
Are bacterias living things? And if so what do they do?
Yes, they reproduce and eat
Are bacterias eukaryotic or prokaryotic
Prokaryotic
What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic
Eukaryotic = Have nuclear membrane
Prokaryotic = No nuclear membrane
What are the Circular DNA in bacteria called
Plasmid
For respiration are bacterias anaerobes or aerobes
They can be Both.
anaerobes: respiration without oxygen
aerobes: respiration with oxygen
Are bacterias heterotrophs or autotrophs? And what do both mean?
Bacterias can be both
Autrotroph = produce food for themselves
Heterotroph = cant provide their own food and get it from somewhere else
What is the Cell wall in bacteria and what is its function
Cell wall is the outermost part of the structure and its function is for protection. Made from Peptidoglycan
What is the Cell membrane in bacteria and what is its function
The second outermost layer of the structure and its function is for allowing substance to enter/leave cell.
What is the Pili in bacteria and what is its function
The pili is the little spikes that goes out of the bacteria and its function is for creating a tunnel for exchanging genes during reproduction
What is the Cytoplasm in bacteria and what is its function
The cytoplasm is the liquid surrounding the inside of the bacteria and is a jelly like structure that holds the organelles in place aswell as provide nutrients for metabolism
What is the Nucleoid in bacteria and what is its function
The nucleoid is the spring like shape in the middle of the bacteria and it controls the cell activity within
What is the Ribosomes in bacteria and what is its function
The ribosomes look like little dots in the structure and its use is to make protein
What is the Mesosomes in bacteria and what is its function
The mesosomes is the oval shape with a wave and its use is to produce energy
What is the Plasmid in bacteria and what is its function
The plasmid is the oval shape with nothing in it that contains genes which will be used for reproduction
What is the Flagella in bacteria and what is its function
The flagella is the part that looks like a tail and its function is for movement
What 2 things are always in every living organism
Cell membranes & Cytoplasm
What is the Capsule in bacteria
The capsule is a new outermost layer that surrounds the whole structure including the cell wall. These are only found in bacterias that are pathogens
What is the Endospores in bacteria and what is its function
The endospores is also a new outermost layer that surrounds the whole structure but it only happens when the bacteria is in an unfavorable condition. The function is as a protective layer in certain conditions, however it takes time and energy to make these spores
What are the 3 shapes in bacterias and the example for each
Round (Cocci): example: Staphylococcus
Rectangle (Bacil): example: Lactobocillus
Spiral: example: Spirulina
What are the 2 types of Reproduction in bacteria
Asexual = Not involving partner
Sexual = Involve Partner
What are the 2 types of asexual reproductions
Binary and Budding
How Binary Reproduction works
The bacteria divides itself equally and it immediately seperates
How Budding Reproduction works
The bacteria gets ready to divide itself but it divides unequally. Then it waits till the other half has grown to equal size and then they seperate
What is the 1 type of sexual reproductions
Conjugation
How does Conjugation work
- Conjugation requires two different bacterias.
- Both bacterias duplicate their own plasmid
- Then connect each others Pili and exchange each others plasmid
- Now that they have each others plasmid they fuse the different plasmids from each other into one again
- These plasmids then make NEW VARIATION and the bacteria can undergo asexual reproduction for more reproduction with different genes
Do bacterias grow in number or size?
They grow in number since they divide equally
(Humans grow in size from child to adult)
Do bacterias create childs or themselves?
Bacterias make copies of themselves by dividing themselves in half
(Humans parents create a child)
Differences between Bacteria & Virus
Virus:
- Obligate intracellular parasites
- No ribosomes
- DNA or RNA, not both
- Can be seen by EM (Electron Microscope)
- 10-100s of genes
Bacteria:
- Usually free-living, but can be parasites
- Have Ribosomes
- DNA and RNA, have both
- Can be seen by LM (Light Microscope)
- 100-1000s of genes
The Nutrition for bacterias are split into 2 which are
Heterotroph and Autotroph
What are the two types of heterotroph nutrition and explain
- Scavenger/Decomposer: consumes left over/trash/dead organism
-Pathogen/Parasites: consumes and lives on other organism
What are the two types of autotroph nutrition and explain
- Photo autotroph: Produces their food using light energy.
Ex: Photosynthesis - Chemo autotroph: Produces their food using chemical reaction energy.
Ex: Chemosynthesis in Nitrogen Cycle
What are the 4 phases in the growth of bacteria
1: Lag phase: Bacteria growing slowly
2: Log phase: Bacteria growing rapidly
3: Stationary Phase: Bacteria number becomes constant due to limited resources, competition
- Death Phase: Bacteria number decrease from deaths because of the accumulation of toxins and waste as well as lack of resources
