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Biology Term 1 Test 10 Science > Monera > Flashcards

Monera Flashcards

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1
Q

Every bacteria are unicellular or multi cellular

A

Unicellular (Single celled organisms)

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2
Q

Are bacterias living things? And if so what do they do?

A

Yes, they reproduce and eat

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3
Q

Are bacterias eukaryotic or prokaryotic

A

Prokaryotic

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4
Q

What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic

A

Eukaryotic = Have nuclear membrane
Prokaryotic = No nuclear membrane

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5
Q

What are the Circular DNA in bacteria called

A

Plasmid

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6
Q

For respiration are bacterias anaerobes or aerobes

A

They can be Both.
anaerobes: respiration without oxygen
aerobes: respiration with oxygen

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7
Q

Are bacterias heterotrophs or autotrophs? And what do both mean?

A

Bacterias can be both
Autrotroph = produce food for themselves
Heterotroph = cant provide their own food and get it from somewhere else

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8
Q

What is the Cell wall in bacteria and what is its function

A

Cell wall is the outermost part of the structure and its function is for protection. Made from Peptidoglycan

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9
Q

What is the Cell membrane in bacteria and what is its function

A

The second outermost layer of the structure and its function is for allowing substance to enter/leave cell.

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10
Q

What is the Pili in bacteria and what is its function

A

The pili is the little spikes that goes out of the bacteria and its function is for creating a tunnel for exchanging genes during reproduction

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11
Q

What is the Cytoplasm in bacteria and what is its function

A

The cytoplasm is the liquid surrounding the inside of the bacteria and is a jelly like structure that holds the organelles in place aswell as provide nutrients for metabolism

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12
Q

What is the Nucleoid in bacteria and what is its function

A

The nucleoid is the spring like shape in the middle of the bacteria and it controls the cell activity within

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13
Q

What is the Ribosomes in bacteria and what is its function

A

The ribosomes look like little dots in the structure and its use is to make protein

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14
Q

What is the Mesosomes in bacteria and what is its function

A

The mesosomes is the oval shape with a wave and its use is to produce energy

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15
Q

What is the Plasmid in bacteria and what is its function

A

The plasmid is the oval shape with nothing in it that contains genes which will be used for reproduction

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16
Q

What is the Flagella in bacteria and what is its function

A

The flagella is the part that looks like a tail and its function is for movement

17
Q

What 2 things are always in every living organism

A

Cell membranes & Cytoplasm

18
Q

What is the Capsule in bacteria

A

The capsule is a new outermost layer that surrounds the whole structure including the cell wall. These are only found in bacterias that are pathogens

19
Q

What is the Endospores in bacteria and what is its function

A

The endospores is also a new outermost layer that surrounds the whole structure but it only happens when the bacteria is in an unfavorable condition. The function is as a protective layer in certain conditions, however it takes time and energy to make these spores

20
Q

What are the 3 shapes in bacterias and the example for each

A

Round (Cocci): example: Staphylococcus
Rectangle (Bacil): example: Lactobocillus
Spiral: example: Spirulina

21
Q

What are the 2 types of Reproduction in bacteria

A

Asexual = Not involving partner
Sexual = Involve Partner

22
Q

What are the 2 types of asexual reproductions

A

Binary and Budding

23
Q

How Binary Reproduction works

A

The bacteria divides itself equally and it immediately seperates

24
Q

How Budding Reproduction works

A

The bacteria gets ready to divide itself but it divides unequally. Then it waits till the other half has grown to equal size and then they seperate

25
Q

What is the 1 type of sexual reproductions

A

Conjugation

26
Q

How does Conjugation work

A
  • Conjugation requires two different bacterias.
  • Both bacterias duplicate their own plasmid
  • Then connect each others Pili and exchange each others plasmid
  • Now that they have each others plasmid they fuse the different plasmids from each other into one again
  • These plasmids then make NEW VARIATION and the bacteria can undergo asexual reproduction for more reproduction with different genes
27
Q

Do bacterias grow in number or size?

A

They grow in number since they divide equally
(Humans grow in size from child to adult)

28
Q

Do bacterias create childs or themselves?

A

Bacterias make copies of themselves by dividing themselves in half
(Humans parents create a child)

29
Q

Differences between Bacteria & Virus

A

Virus:
- Obligate intracellular parasites
- No ribosomes
- DNA or RNA, not both
- Can be seen by EM (Electron Microscope)
- 10-100s of genes

Bacteria:
- Usually free-living, but can be parasites
- Have Ribosomes
- DNA and RNA, have both
- Can be seen by LM (Light Microscope)
- 100-1000s of genes

30
Q

The Nutrition for bacterias are split into 2 which are

A

Heterotroph and Autotroph

31
Q

What are the two types of heterotroph nutrition and explain

A
  • Scavenger/Decomposer: consumes left over/trash/dead organism

-Pathogen/Parasites: consumes and lives on other organism

32
Q

What are the two types of autotroph nutrition and explain

A
  • Photo autotroph: Produces their food using light energy.
    Ex: Photosynthesis
  • Chemo autotroph: Produces their food using chemical reaction energy.
    Ex: Chemosynthesis in Nitrogen Cycle
33
Q

What are the 4 phases in the growth of bacteria

A

1: Lag phase: Bacteria growing slowly

2: Log phase: Bacteria growing rapidly

3: Stationary Phase: Bacteria number becomes constant due to limited resources, competition

  1. Death Phase: Bacteria number decrease from deaths because of the accumulation of toxins and waste as well as lack of resources
34
Q
A

Biology Term 1 Test 10 Science (4 decks)

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