Monday's and Tuesday's Terms

Question 1

Consciousness (Awareness)

Answer 1

A person’s awareness of everything that is going on around them at any given moment, which is used to organize behavior

-Not all forms of awareness are the same

Question 2

Circadian Rhythm “24 Hours”

Answer 2

The cycle of physiological and biological processes that fluctuate on a roughly 24-hour timetable (16 hours awake and 8 hours asleep)

-Sleep and wakefulness
- Metabolism
-Core Body Temperature
-Cortisol levels
-Melatonin levels
-Other hormones (growth hormone, thyroid hormone, etc.)

Question 3

The Wake/Sleep Cycle

Answer 3

Sleep has a biological rhythm, cycle every 90-110 minutes, dive distinct stages

• The pattern occurs three to five times per night

Question 4

Insomnia

Answer 4

The ability to get to sleep, stay asleep, or get a good quality of sleep (psychological and physiological)

-Most people with insomnia spend more than 20 to 30 minutes falling asleep or getting back to sleep at night

Question 5

Sleep Apnea “Stop Breathing”

Answer 5

Chronic medical condition where the affected person repeatedly stops breathing during sleep

-These episodes last 10 seconds or more and cause oxygen levels in the blood to drop or awakenings from sleep

Question 6

Narcolepsy “Sleep Attack”

Answer 6

Sleep disorder in which a person falls immediately into REM sleep during the day without warning

• Narcolepsy is a genetic disorder, usually a trigger is an intense emotion

Question 7

Night Terrors “Nightmare on Steroids”

Answer 7

Relatively rare disorder in which the person experiences extreme fear and screams or runs around during deep sleep without waking fully (combined with sleepwalking)

-Typically affects children

Question 8

Dreams

Answer 8

A dream can include any of the images, thoughts, and emotions that are experienced during sleep

-We all dream, even if we cannot recall our dreams

-The dreams of REM sleep are so vivid we may confuse them with reality

Question 9

REM or Sleep Paralysis “Waking Nightmare”

Answer 9

The presence or persistence of features of rapid eye movement (REM) asleep during the transition into or out of sleep

• Your body is paralyzed so tat you do not act out your dreams. When these features occur during wakefulness, you will have an experience of sleep paralysis

Question 10

REM Rebound

Answer 10

Lengthening and increasing frequency and depth of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep which occurs after periods of sleep deprivation

-When people are unable to obtain an adequate amount of REM sleep, the pressure to obtain REM sleep builds up

Question 11

Activation-Synthesis Theory

Answer 11

Dreams come from a purely physiological/biological view. There is nothing to interpret, dream are meaningless.

Question 12

Information-Processing Theory

Answer 12

Dreams are the brain’s attempts to make sense of what we encounter during the day. Dreams are one way we actively process and analyze information rather than just respond to stimuli.

Question 13

Hypnosis

Answer 13

An induced altered state of consciousness that heightens a person’s suggestibility, openness to responding to suggestion, without losing their sense of self.

Question 14

Manifest Content

Answer 14

Dreams that are obvious and open.

Question 15

Latent Content

Answer 15

Hidden; what the dream’s content actually represents

Question 16

NREM

Answer 16

Non-Rapid Eye Movement sleep, no dreaming sleep

Question 17

Posthypnotic Suggestion

Answer 17

To encourage a client to respond to desired outcomes.

Question 18

State Theory

Answer 18

The premise of ‘state’ theory is that, through the actions of the hypnotist, the inducing of a ‘trance’ the ‘unconscious’ or ‘subconscious’ mind responds to suggestion.

Question 19

Dissociation

Answer 19

An altered state of divided consciousness.

Question 20

Psychoactive Drug

Answer 20

Chemical substances that alter perceptions, mood, or behavior. Change consciousness by affecting neurotransmitters.

Question 21

Physical Dependence

Answer 21

Physical dependence is a physical condition caused by chronic use of a tolerance-forming drug, in which abrupt or gradual drug withdrawal causes unpleasant physical symptoms.

Question 22

Addiction

Answer 22

the fact or condition of being addicted to a particular substance, thing, or activity.

Question 23

Psychological Dependence “Mind Controlled”

Answer 23

Cognitive and emotional aspects of addictive behaviors or the withdrawal process from drugs

Question 24

Depressants “Downers”

Answer 24

Slow the activity of the central nervous system. They reduce tension and inhibitions and may interfere with a person’s judgement, motor activity, and concentration

-Alcohol

-Sedative Hypnotic Drugs

-Opioids

Question 25

Alcohol

Answer 25

Any beverage that contains ethyl alcohol

-Binds to neurotransmitter GABA to relax the drinker

-Depresses the areas of the brain that controls judgement and inhibition

Question 26

Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs

Answer 26

A rug used in low doses to reduce anxiety and in higher doses to help people sleep.

-The sedative-hypnotic drugs include barbiturates and benzodiazepines

Question 27

Barbiturates (Major Tranquilizers)

Answer 27

Addictive sedative-hypnotic drugs that reduce anxiety and help people sleep

-In low doses they reduce a person’s level of excitement, by attaching to GABA

Question 28

Benzodiazepines (Minor Tranquilizers)

Answer 28

The most common group of antianxiety drugs, which includes Valium and Xanax

-Calm people by binding to receptors on the neurons that receive GABA and by increasing GABA activity at those neurons

Question 29

Opioids

Answer 29

Opium or any of the drugs derived opium, including morphine, heroin, and codeine

-Depress the central nervous system, especially the centers that help control emotion

Question 30

Stimulants “Uppers”

Answer 30

Substances that increase the activity of the central nervous system resulting in increased blood pressure and heart rate, more alertness, and sped-up behavior and thinking

-Caffeine
-Amphetamines
-Cocaine

Question 31

Amphetamines

Answer 31

A stimulant drug that is manufactured in a laboratory

-Release dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine

Question 32

Methamphetamine

Answer 32

A powerful amphetamine drug that’s illegal.

-Super stimulant

Question 33

Cocaine

Answer 33

The most powerful natural stimulant now known (central active ingredient of the coca plant, found in South America)

-Stimulates the higher centers of the central nervous system, making users feel excited, energetic, talkative and even euphoric

Question 34

Hallucinogens

Answer 34

A substance that causes powerful changes primarily in sensory perception, including strengthening perceptions and producing illusions and hallucinations

-Also called a psychedelic drug

Question 35

LSD

Answer 35

Powerful synthetic hallucinogen drug; also known as acid

-Produces symptoms primarily by binding to some of the neurons that normally receive the neurotransmitter serotonin, changing the neurotransmitter activity at those sites

Question 36

Cannabis

Answer 36

Drugs produced from the variety of the hemp plant Cannabis sativa. They cause a mixture of hallucinogenic, depressant, and stimulant effects

-Marijuana, the higher the THC content, the more powerful the effcets

Question 37

Biological Influences

Answer 37

Researchers have come to suspect that drug misuse may have biological causes

-Studies on genetic predisposition and specific biochemical processes have provided some support for these suspicions