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AAW - Musc/Skele Week 2 > Monday - Pruneski - Fungi > Flashcards

Monday - Pruneski - Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

Sexually reproduced component of fungi

Asecually reproduced component of fungi

A

Spore

Conidia

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2
Q

Haustoria

A

Hyphae on parasitic fungi

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3
Q

Two main fungal cell wall components

A

Glucan, Chitin

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4
Q
  1. Mech:
  2. Spec:
  3. Dist:
  4. Side effects:
  5. Resistance:
    Amphotericin B and Nystatin
A
  1. Mech: binds ERGOSTEROL, creates holes in memb
  2. Spec: invasive systemic fungal infections in imunocompromised patients. (yeasts and molds)
  3. Dist: long tissue half life
  4. side effects: binds cholesterol. 80% have nephrotoxicity
  5. resistance: rare, decreased ergosterol in membrane
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5
Q
  1. Mech:
  2. Spec:
  3. Dist:
  4. Side effects:
  5. Resistance:
    Azoles (name them too)
A

Fluconazole, Itraconazole, Ketoconazole

  1. Mech: Binds fungal P-450, blocking production of ERGOSTEROL
  2. Spec: MOST WIDELY USED. spectrum varies.
  3. Dist: orally available through cola.
  4. Side effects: hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, alters hormone synthesis
  5. Resistance: altered cyt-p450
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6
Q
  1. Mech:
  2. Spec:
  3. Dist:
  4. Side effects:
  5. Resistance:
    Allylamines - Terbinafine (lamisil)
A
  1. Mech: Inhibits SQUALINE EPOXIDASE, accumulation of squalene
  2. Spec: DERMATOPHYTES
  3. Dist: Not listed on slide
  4. Side effects: Topical toxicity, drug interactions with CYP2D6 substrates
  5. Resistance: Rare, decreased uptake, mutation in binding site, etc.
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7
Q
  1. Mech:
  2. Spec:
  3. Dist:
  4. Side effects:
  5. Resistance:
    Flucytosine
A
  1. Mech: Antimetabolite, converted to 5-flurouracil in fungi.
  2. Spec: Narrow - yeast CANDIDA ALBICANS AND CRYPTOCOCCUS
  3. Dist: oral, penetrates CNS
  4. Side effects: can lead to bone marrow suppression
  5. Resistance: loss of converting enzyme or transporters
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8
Q
  1. Mech:
  2. Spec:
  3. Dist:
  4. Side effects:
  5. Resistance:
    Griseofulvin
A
  1. Mech: BINDS MICROTUBULES, INHIBITS SPINDLE.
  2. Spec: DERMATOPHYTES
  3. Dist: lipids increase oral absorption and then concentrates in dead keratinized skin.
  4. Side effects: Teratogenic
  5. Resistance: changes to beta-tubulin
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9
Q
  1. Mech:
  2. Spec:
  3. Dist:
  4. Side effects:
  5. Resistance:
    Caspofungin
A
  1. Mech: CELL WALL INHIBITOR blocks synth of BETA (1,3)-D- GLUCAN POLYSACCHARIDE
  2. Spec: CANDIDA ALBICANS, SYSTEMIC
  3. Dist: IV
  4. Side effects: limited
  5. Resistance: change in beta 1,3 glucan polysaccharide gene
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10
Q

What is is called when fungus grows on or in and individual?

A

Mycosis

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11
Q

What causes Tinea versicolor? What is it?

A

Malassezia furfur- Yeast part of normal flora converts to mold in deasease. Requires lipids, found on areas rich in sebaceous glands. Tropical climates.

It is either hypo- or hyper- pigmentation.

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12
Q

How do you diagnose Malazzezia furfur?

A

KOH stain, looks like spaghetti and meatballs.

Yellow-green by woods lamp

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13
Q

Name three dermatophytes and three example dieseases they cause.

How to diagnose?

A

Trichophyton
Microsporum
Epidermophyton

ringworm, tinea, onychomycosis (nail infection)

KOH test, grow on sabouraud’s agar

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14
Q

match the tinea to the body part
Tinea…
capitis, barbae, axillaris, corporis, cruris, pedis, manuum, unguium

A 
capitis = scalp
barbae = beard
axillaris = armpit
corporis = body
cruris = groin
pedis = feet
manuum = hand
unguium = nail
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15
Q

Most common cause of tinea pedis? Where does it transfer? what does it look like? Most common cause in U.S. children? How do you identify it?

A

the DERMATOPHYTE:
Trichophyton rubrum, swimming pools, annular grey patches with surrounding erythema.

U.S. peds = Trichophyton tonsurans

Grows in Sabouraud’s agar

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16
Q

Microsporum canis
Microsporum fulvum

what do they cause, what does it look like, how do you diagnose?

A

DERMATOPHYTE
canis - zoophilic
fulvul - geophilic (soil)

Grey patch ringworm, spindle shaped macroconidia under KOH microscope stain, woods light blu-green for canis, no woods light for fulvum

17
Q

Epidermophyton floccosum

what does it cause?
What does it lack?

A

DERMATOPHYTE
Tinea cruris, pedis

lacks microconidia

18
Q

Sporothrix Schenckii

Occurs in who?
Treatment?

A

SUBCUTANEOUS
rose gardeners disease
if you get “schenck-ed” or punctured with a rose thorne, it can get in.

Only in immunocompromised patients, spreads in lymphnodes.
Oral itraconazole 3-6 months

19
Q

Candida albicans

when do you get infected

A 
OPPORTUNISTIC
Commensal (usually doesn't harm humans, but it benefits from humans)

Seeds in areas with less than normal flora, in immunocompromized

20
Q

Two big types of Trichophyton bacteria

A

Trichophyton rubrum, causes tinea pedis

Trichophyton tonsurans, most commor cause of tinea capitis in peds

AAW - Musc/Skele Week 2 (9 decks)

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