Monarchy And Div Right

Question 1

When did Charles become king

Answer 1

March 1625

Question 2

Why was Charles insecure/ different

Answer 2

• he had a Scottish accent as as a child he was too sick to move to london
• he had been a sick and disabled child
• he had a bad stutter
• he had little character or agression like his predecessors
• whilst his initial tutoring had been very Calvinist, James added anti-Calvinists to the prince’s entourage, such as ceremonialist hardliner Matthew Wren, from 1622.

Question 3

What we’re the effects of charleses different character

Answer 3

• he is as insecure about his voice so didn’t like to holding long political conversations in parliment or at court
• he had a very small inner circle who he relied on

Question 4

Who were Charles’s closest in his inner circle

Answer 4

• his wife Henrietta Maria
• archbishop laud
• Duke of Buckingham
• Thomas wentworth

Question 5

How was press/ news changing int eh Stuart era and why was this bad for Charles

Answer 5

• the printing press meant people were printing newspaper like ALMANACS
• Shakespeare pioneered a new era of literature and information
• charles quiet nature meant it seemed he did not seem to listen in contrast to a time of such huge spread information

Question 6

What were Charlie’s key aims going into power

Answer 6

• maintain law and order: keep an effective justice system and employ gentries to make sure small scale issues eg famine in villages doesn’t become disorder
• defend kingdoms: effective foreign policy, military strength, promote kingdom strength
• good religious leadership: maintain order, defend true faith
• economic strength: collect income eg taxation, manage spending well

Question 7

What was opposed to Charles’s aims in the country

Answer 7

• cost of defense for the 30 year war
• religious tensions
• his weak perpsnality
• him and jamses huge passion for the div right of kings and royal perogative

Question 8

What was hoped of Henrietta Maria and chalrses marriage

Answer 8

• they would stay strong allies against the Spanish empire
• England was prevented from backing any rebel french Protestants
• the french hoped that Henrietta would protects and even bring back english Catholicism

Question 9

Explain Henriettas stunted start in England

Answer 9

• she barely spoke any English
• her court of the french were ostracised by lord Buckingham
• it was rumoured on st jameses d’au she had made a pilgrimage and prayed for catholic martyrs

Question 10

How did Henrietta Maria gain influence in English courts

Answer 10

• in 1628 Lord Buckingham was assassinated so she was not ostricized and could develop a relationship w charles
• she began to reproduce
• hee court were broight in especially the marquis de chanteneay who was a political professional trained to gain hee infleunce
• she formed a faction around her that included the Earl of Holland and Wat Montagu, and which provided a French balance to the pro-Spanish faction in the court around William Laud, Richard Weston and Francis Cottington.
• hee mother, Marie De Medici, orchestrated the turnaround in Henrietta Maria’s position

Question 11

How Henrietta protected English Catholics

Answer 11

• freedom of worship for HM and her attendants is in their marriage treaty
• 1/5 of the english gentry who were Catholics felt political protection
• she freed arrested catholic priests in the early 30s
• she gathered a female court of Catholic women

Question 12

How Henrietta Catholicised/ changed court entertainment

Answer 12

• she became a huge participant in the masques parties which many Protestants saw as sac-religious

Question 13

How did Henrietta Maria infleunce art

Answer 13

• she was a huge patron of the arts that celebrated her and the Catholic icon in the Virgin Mary
• she liked to be associated with Mary
• she also patroned Catholic iconography to be used in court for example pearls and roses

Question 14

What was court like in the Tudor and Stuart era

Answer 14

• the center was the inner sanctum where the king lived ate and consulted with his friends
• it was often arbitrary and unfair but was unfair for ALL so required wit and merit to get a place in the high court
• power was gained by proximity to the king or one of his patrons

Question 15

How did Buckingham change court by the time charles inherited it

Answer 15

• he was charming, sexually fluid and good looking so dominated the patronage given by James due to their affair
• by the time charles inherited the court- Buckingham had so much patronage he had destroyed ‘inner sanctum’ of court as he now was the font of patronage and power rather than the king
• this meant the court was now immoral and corrupy

Question 16

How did Charles change the court in 25 to his Caroline court

Answer 16

• he changed Buckingham + jameses immoral court into one more orderly
• Buckingham still dominated patronage
• however charles pushed the gentry away from london and into fulfilling duties in their own regions
• he cut off access to his royal person in order to retain order and decency

Question 17

How did Charles reform of his court affect him later

Answer 17

• the men who would become his advisors natrirally were cut off from his royal person, their advice would’ve proved useful
• even after Buckinghams assassination he made no effort to revert to the patronage seeking court from before and instead isolated himself to preserve order

Question 18

How did Charles demonstrate royal authority through art and architecture

Answer 18

• he invested into the symbol of Tudor glory- Hampton court palace- by adding more works of art, furtniture and tapestry
• he heavily employed the architect Inigo Jones who made Roman esque buildings in greenwhich; the queens chapel in st jameses palace and the banqueting house at Whitehall
• Inigo also remodelled his Whitehall palace
• he invested in his palace a painted enormous ceiling by Peter Paul Reuben’s

Question 19

How did the div right theory develop

Answer 19

• centuries of Christian’s believed god chose the king
• the archbishop was god incarnate and he passed this authority to the king in his corronation
• after Henry 8 separated himself from the church he became gods representative. This lead to the thoery of the divine right of kings

Question 20

What was the div right of kings

Answer 20

The idea that the monarch was chosen by god and could not be challenged as that was to challenge god

Question 21

Parliments objection to the div right

Answer 21

• many MPS Thoight this view of monarchical power swept all before it and removed any Parlimentary authority
• meant parliment was subject not to the will of the people anymore

Question 22

Catholic objection to the div right of kings

Answer 22

• the pope is the head of church and god incarnate on earth
• they can’t believe the king is of a higher authortiy

Question 23

Puritan objection to div right

Answer 23

• the king only had earthly power and shouldn’t be allowed to appoint spiritual leaders such as bishops

Question 24

Why was chalrses endorsement of the div right negative

Answer 24

• many saw the way he used his royal authority to ignore parliment as the markings of an absolutist monarch
• the spread around Europe- particularly in his cousin Louis X111’s france- made people worry charles was looking to join the trend