Monarchy And Div Right Flashcards
1
Q
When did Charles become king
A
March 1625
2
Q
Why was Charles insecure/ different
A
- he had a Scottish accent as as a child he was too sick to move to london
- he had been a sick and disabled child
- he had a bad stutter
- he had little character or agression like his predecessors
- whilst his initial tutoring had been very Calvinist, James added anti-Calvinists to the prince’s entourage, such as ceremonialist hardliner Matthew Wren, from 1622.
3
Q
What we’re the effects of charleses different character
A
- he is as insecure about his voice so didn’t like to holding long political conversations in parliment or at court
- he had a very small inner circle who he relied on
4
Q
Who were Charles’s closest in his inner circle
A
- his wife Henrietta Maria
- archbishop laud
- Duke of Buckingham
- Thomas wentworth
5
Q
How was press/ news changing int eh Stuart era and why was this bad for Charles
A
- the printing press meant people were printing newspaper like ALMANACS
- Shakespeare pioneered a new era of literature and information
- charles quiet nature meant it seemed he did not seem to listen in contrast to a time of such huge spread information
6
Q
What were Charlie’s key aims going into power
A
- maintain law and order: keep an effective justice system and employ gentries to make sure small scale issues eg famine in villages doesn’t become disorder
- defend kingdoms: effective foreign policy, military strength, promote kingdom strength
- good religious leadership: maintain order, defend true faith
- economic strength: collect income eg taxation, manage spending well
7
Q
What was opposed to Charles’s aims in the country
A
- cost of defense for the 30 year war
- religious tensions
- his weak perpsnality
- him and jamses huge passion for the div right of kings and royal perogative
8
Q
What was hoped of Henrietta Maria and chalrses marriage
A
- they would stay strong allies against the Spanish empire
- England was prevented from backing any rebel french Protestants
- the french hoped that Henrietta would protects and even bring back english Catholicism
9
Q
Explain Henriettas stunted start in England
A
- she barely spoke any English
- her court of the french were ostracised by lord Buckingham
- it was rumoured on st jameses d’au she had made a pilgrimage and prayed for catholic martyrs
10
Q
How did Henrietta Maria gain influence in English courts
A
- in 1628 Lord Buckingham was assassinated so she was not ostricized and could develop a relationship w charles
- she began to reproduce
- hee court were broight in especially the marquis de chanteneay who was a political professional trained to gain hee infleunce
- she formed a faction around her that included the Earl of Holland and Wat Montagu, and which provided a French balance to the pro-Spanish faction in the court around William Laud, Richard Weston and Francis Cottington.
- hee mother, Marie De Medici, orchestrated the turnaround in Henrietta Maria’s position
11
Q
How Henrietta protected English Catholics
A
- freedom of worship for HM and her attendants is in their marriage treaty
- 1/5 of the english gentry who were Catholics felt political protection
- she freed arrested catholic priests in the early 30s
- she gathered a female court of Catholic women
12
Q
How Henrietta Catholicised/ changed court entertainment
A
- she became a huge participant in the masques parties which many Protestants saw as sac-religious
13
Q
How did Henrietta Maria infleunce art
A
- she was a huge patron of the arts that celebrated her and the Catholic icon in the Virgin Mary
- she liked to be associated with Mary
- she also patroned Catholic iconography to be used in court for example pearls and roses
14
Q
What was court like in the Tudor and Stuart era
A
- the center was the inner sanctum where the king lived ate and consulted with his friends
- it was often arbitrary and unfair but was unfair for ALL so required wit and merit to get a place in the high court
- power was gained by proximity to the king or one of his patrons
15
Q
How did Buckingham change court by the time charles inherited it
A
- he was charming, sexually fluid and good looking so dominated the patronage given by James due to their affair
- by the time charles inherited the court- Buckingham had so much patronage he had destroyed ‘inner sanctum’ of court as he now was the font of patronage and power rather than the king
- this meant the court was now immoral and corrupy
16
Q
How did Charles change the court in 25 to his Caroline court
A
- he changed Buckingham + jameses immoral court into one more orderly
- Buckingham still dominated patronage
- however charles pushed the gentry away from london and into fulfilling duties in their own regions,charged up to 1000 for anyone coming back
- he cut off access to his royal person in order to retain order and decency
17
Q
How did Charles reform of his court affect him later
A
- the men who would become his advisors natrirally were cut off from his royal person, their advice would’ve proved useful
- even after Buckinghams assassination he made no effort to revert to the patronage seeking court from before and instead isolated himself to preserve order
18
Q
How did Charles demonstrate royal authority through art and architecture
A
- he invested into the symbol of Tudor glory- Hampton court palace- by adding more works of art, furtniture and tapestry
- he heavily employed the architect Inigo Jones who made Roman esque buildings in greenwhich; the queens chapel in st jameses palace and the banqueting house at Whitehall
- Inigo also remodelled his Whitehall palace
- he invested in his palace a painted enormous ceiling by Peter Paul Reuben’s
19
Q
How did the div right theory develop
A
- centuries of Christian’s believed god chose the king
- the archbishop was god incarnate and he passed this authority to the king in his corronation
- after Henry 8 separated himself from the church he became gods representative. This lead to the thoery of the divine right of kings
20
Q
What was the div right of kings
A
The idea that the monarch was chosen by god and could not be challenged as that was to challenge god
21
Q
Parliments objection to the div right
A
- many MPS Thoight this view of monarchical power swept all before it and removed any Parlimentary authority
- meant parliment was subject not to the will of the people anymore
22
Q
Catholic objection to the div right of kings
A
- the pope is the head of church and god incarnate on earth
- they can’t believe the king is of a higher authortiy
23
Q
Puritan objection to div right
A
- the king only had earthly power and shouldn’t be allowed to appoint spiritual leaders such as bishops
24
Q
Why was chalrses endorsement of the div right negative
A
- many saw the way he used his royal authority to ignore parliment as the markings of an absolutist monarch
- the spread around Europe- particularly in his cousin Louis X111’s france- made people worry charles was looking to join the trend
