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English Rev 1625-29 > Challenges To Charlses Abritary Gov > Flashcards

Challenges To Charlses Abritary Gov Flashcards

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1
Q

How was the relationship between Charles and parliment characterised between 25-29

A
  • Early in to his reign charles looked to want little to do with his government and disagreed with them often over their extent of collaboration
  • This worried his gov who felt he wanted to establish an absolutist monarch
  • Rather, Charles felt parliment was entitled and arrogant
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2
Q

Why does Charles call parliment in 25

A
  • to equip a war with Spain- needing about a million.
    -He expected one off payments (subsidies) and his right to Collect tonnage and poundage
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3
Q

What was tonnage and poundage

A
  • tax on imports and exports,
  • used to support the navy and ensuring trading ships could cross the waters,
  • per ‘ton’ of wine and ‘pound’ of products,
  • awarded by parliment,
  • usually confirmed once at the beginning of a reign
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4
Q

What how did parliment respond to charlses call in 25

A
  • parliment granted him one year of t&p and 140,000 (2 subsidies)
  • This was not enough to fund his war with Spain
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5
Q

Why did parliment give charles insufficient money

A
  • they felt he had a bad Buckingham influenced foreign policy and wanted to show a lack of faith.
  • Buckingham was politically over dominant and incompetent and as high admiral would benefit from t&p.
  • They felt charlses conduct was inept after the 1624 Mansfield expedition.
  • They were frustrated by the allowance of Catholics in the marriage treaty
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6
Q

What was the impact of parliment refusing charles money

A
  • Charles ignored parliment for a year and ignored the one year limit on t&p as it attacked his royal perogative
  • As well as this it was a striking blow to Buckingham.
  • He then asked for a benevolent gift of money repaid by his perogative.
  • When this failed in 26 he enforced a forced loan
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7
Q

What was the forced loan

A
  • all wealthy would have to contribute to charlses loan, worth 5 subsidies.
  • As this meeting to hand over money was so public any refusal was seen as disloyalty and opposition to the king.
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8
Q

Direct opposition to the forced loan

A

-there was a substantial amount of anonymous outrage.
- Thomas scot, attacked in print Buckingham and the king- stating that the king was unworthy and his commands outisde of what was normal of the duty of his people and that the king was evil to defend such wicked subjects it caused a rift between himself and parliment.
- Some of the judges refused to endorse the forced loan.
- Archbishop goerge abbot refused to license a sermon defnding the loan which made it seem the church felt it was the duty of the people to pay.
- 76 gentry refused to pay

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9
Q

Outcome of the opposition to the forced loan

A
  • Charles imprisoned 76 gentry who didn’t pay without a specific offense
  • 5 knights in 27 called the legal principal of imprisonment without charge (haebeus corpus) and so had to be taken to trial, causing heightened controversy over the principles of the kings loan and his ability to jail opponents in an arbitrary manner
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10
Q

What is calvinism

A
  • the central and earliest puritans theology
  • based on ideas by John Calvin.
  • God predetermined who would follow a god believing path and who wouldn’t on earth.
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11
Q

What is Arminianism

A

Arminianism theology-
- based on ideas by Jacobus Arminius. - - -God gave us free will to choose in our lives to be godly and be saved by god.

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12
Q

What is Catholicism

A

god let’s us ALL be saved but also gives us free will to chose not to be if we wish.

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13
Q

Rise and controversy of Arminianism

A

-Arminianism Protestants didn’t have the same theology and so many felt that they were too close to cstholics and so were misguided or part of a plot toundermine the Church of England and return to Roman Catholicism.
- Arminians were beginning to rise into influential positions within the Church of England in the 1620s

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14
Q

Religious distribution in parliment

A

-parliment was majority puritan and at that majority Calvinist.
- They were lead by John Pym.
- There were also arminians and anglicans.
- Arminians appealed to charles as they chimed with div right ideas and liked dignity and order and supported the forced loan whilst calvinists typically did not

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15
Q

What was the york house conference

A
  • chaired by the Duke of Buckingham at his London home
  • Feb 26
  • a theological debate requested by the Puritan Earl of Warwick
  • Key Puritan nobles, including Warwick and Buckingham’s rival, the Earl of Pembroke, attended, while Arminians, like Richard Montagu, represented the opposing side.
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16
Q

What was the purpose of the york conference

A
  • centered on the religious conflict between Calvinism (predestination), Arminianism (free will), and some similarities between Arminianism and Catholicism.
  • Warwick aimed to sway Charles back to Calvinism
  • to tackle Montagu’s controversial writings, which highlighted similarities between the Church of England and Catholicism.
17
Q

What was the impact of the york house conference

A
  • conference ended without a resolution over montagus works and the conflict
  • Buckingham, not deeply religious himself, supported Arminianism to strengthen his political relationship with King Charles
  • solidified Arminianism as a distinct group within the Anglican Church, contributing to ongoing religious tensions.
18
Q

What happened between parliment and montagu and why

A

-parliment attempted to arrest him in April 26 for his controversial views.
- Puritans felt he spoke badly of them and likened them to Catholics
- whilst anglicans felt he characterised all of the cofe as leaning too closely towards Catholicism.

19
Q

Impact of montagus controversy in parliment

A
  • This controversy created a rift between the factions in parliament as Montagus doctrine had the kings support.
  • parliment thus Parliament indirectly challenged King Charles I
  • This Lead The King To Dissolve Parliment
20
Q

Reason for Mansfield expedition 1624

A
  • charlses and Buckingham persuaded James to support.
  • Intended to provide support to Frederick- brother in law of Charles who had lost palatinate from the Spainish Hapsburg during the 30 year war.
21
Q

Events of the Mansfield expedition

A

-England a force controlled by count Mansfield to join the french in fighting the Spanish in palatinate.
- The diplomacy between the two countries proved shaky, leading to insufficient coordination on the battlefield as the french king Louis 8 wanted help first in his battle with the spnaish in the Netherlands.
- When England would not aid, the french refused a safe passage for Mansfield’s men throigj france.
- Thé expedition ended with the men stuck marooned in the United provinces where they died of sickness and starvation.

22
Q

Financing of Cadiz 1625

A
  • paid by the queens dowry of 120k
  • parliment displeased with Mansfield and the Catholic concessions in marriage treaty
23
Q

Aim and background of Cadiz 1625

A
  • still in support of Frederick and the 30 year war, Charles sent a fleet to the Spanish port of Cadiz.
  • aimed open a war on a second Spain ish front to distract troops from the palatinate
24
Q

Events of Cadiz

A

-the English did NOT capture a port or any treasure ships stationed there.
-Most soldiers got incredibly drunk on Spanish wine.

25
Q

Impact of cadis

A
  • already angry parliment furious,
  • lack of trust for Buckingham as admiral and charlses foreign policy
26
Q

Relationship with france in this period

A
  • england expected france to cooperate due to the common enemy and the marriage treaty.
  • louis was very influenced by Richeilieu and so would not act against Spain. They would not join the alliance between the Dutch provinces and England- in fact only Denmark did.
  • Richelieu used english loaned ships to attack the Protestant Huguenots at La Rochelle, further straining relations as france ignored the english pleas to recall their ships.
  • Also the relationsho with HM and charles was very bad- they argued often and stayed away from eachother.
  • In 26 Spain and france agreed a separate peace with eachother.
27
Q

Results of french alliance w Spain and tensions

A

-in 26 Buckingham was blamed as he was in charge of french negotiations.
-He was furious and decided to effect the removal of Richelieu by making contact with angry french nobles and hugenots.
- They needed funds to do this so charles recalled parliment in Feb

28
Q

Tensions between charlses and parliment in Feb 26

A
  • Parliament blamed the Duke of Buckingham for foreign policy failures, while King Charles I blamed Parliament for inadequate funding for the war effort.
  • Charles’s attempts to shift to an anti-French policy to appease MPs failed and angered him
29
Q

Events of Buckinghams impeachment

A
  • Buckingham had previously revived the practice of impeachment but now found himself targeted by it.
  • John Eliot and Sir Dudley Digges led the impeachment effort, supported by testimony from the Earl of Bristol,
  • he exposed Charles’s concessions to Spanish courtiers in a failed marriage negotiation where he had promised tolerance to cstholics
  • Bristol’s evidence in the Lords shifted blame onto Buckingham.
30
Q

Charlses reaction to Buckinghams impeachment

A

-Charles attempted to counter by charging Bristol with treason.
- Charles imprisoned Eliot and Digges, and implied a threat to Parliament, leading to further accusations of absolutism.
- Charles dissolved the 1626 Parliament to protect Buckingham and preserve his own authority

31
Q

Background of the La Rochelle raids, 1627-8

A
  • Buckingham launched another naval expedition largely self funded w charles in the hope of relieving the Huguenots under attack by Richelieu’s forces at La Rochelle’s.
  • England went to war with France amid tensions over attacks on each other’s ships and a new France-Spain alliance.
32
Q

Events of the La Rochelle raids

A
  • Buckingham led an English force to relieve the Huguenots at La Rochelle, but his siege on the fortress of St. Martin failed after months, with a direct assault hampered by inadequate equipment eg ladders.
  • Of the 7,833 soldiers sent, only 2,989 returned
33
Q

Impact of the La Rochelle raids

A

-1/3 of Buckinghams soldiers had died in the four years as admiral.
- There was public frustration that Buckingham survived the costly failure, as his influence over Charles seemed detrimental to England.
- The failed campaign drained Charles’s funds, forcing him to recall Parliament in 1628.

English Rev 1625-29 (4 decks)

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