Monarch And Parliaments

Question 1

Social basis of power (Political Nation)

Answer 1

£2 a year in order to vote (no danger of power being shared with lower classes)

Carried out national roles by becoming members of Privy Council and MPs

Wealth was primarily based on land ownership

Urbanisation increased -> London becoming an empire of controlling USA and Carribbean

Question 2

Character of James

Answer 2

Extremely trusting to Scottish advisers

Schooled as a Presbyterian

Lord Darnley murdered and mother executed after plot to assassinate Elizabeth

Question 3

James I v

View of the monarchy

Answer 3

Stated God places kings on the throne and that they have unrestrained power

Are able to act above the law and not subject to judicial procedures

Saw Parliament that served him if he needed it

Question 4

Character of Charles I

Answer 4

Poor speaker and had stammer

Disapproved of father’s court and favoured hierarchal approach to government

Believer in Divine Right

Angered easily, less evident when he became King in 1625

Question 5

Charles I

Views of monarchy

Answer 5

Difficult to access and viewed outsiders with suspicion

Appointed Arminian chaplains who believed in the Divine Right

Ceremonies surrounding visits exercised in France were introduced

Question 6

Charles I Aims

Answer 6

Restore order and decorum to royal court

Maintain order in the Church

Establishing a financial base

Secure Authority of the monarchy

Control over Three Kingdoms

Question 7

Finance

Underlying problems

Answer 7

Elizabeth inherited a Crown debt over 250,000 when becoming Queen

Inflation affected value of commodities and money

Series of bad harvests in 1590s

Fighting Spain since 1585 ->Could not rely on ordinary revenue and forced to sell Crown assets

Question 8

Finance

Success

Answer 8

Book of Rates 1608 introduced and Cecil became James’s adviser

Cranfield in 1618 established commissions -> reduced spending by half

Between 1603-13, main exports were cloth had increased steadily

James used monopolies to reward favourites. Monopolies were continued to be used and sold to individuals

Question 9

Finance failure under James I

Answer 9

Book of Rates was resented because new custom duties were introduced

Mistakenly believed that England (cash cow), gave £100,000 to his Scottish courtiers

1624, Statute of Monopolies passed, greatly reducing the Crown’s ability of sell monopolies and patients

Question 10

Impact of Foreign Policy under Charles 1625

Answer 10

Asked a loan of £60,000 from CoL merchants

Commons refused Tonnage and Poundage and excise tax for life

MPs granted T and P for one year, Parliament dissolved

Question 11

Impact of Foreign Policy 1626

Answer 11

Buckingham attacked by Parliament -> responsible for foreign policy failures

Parliament dissolved and forced loan. Refused -> imprisoned or army

Question 12

Impact of Foreign Policy 1627

Answer 12

Over £200,000 was successfully raised from forced loan

Gentry involved ‘Five Knights Case’ were told by court, been specially detained by King (Royal tyranny)

Question 13

York House Conference

Answer 13

Primary aim: Resolve ongoing dispute between Puritans and Arminians

Second aim: Defend Montagu from prosecution by HoC

Charles showed his contempt for Puritan opposition by refusing to attend the conference

Puritans MPs were infuriated by Buckingham’s promotion of the Arminians

Question 14

James I and First Parliament 1604-10

Answer 14

First session: 1604
Unite kingdoms of England and Scotland
Drafted Robert Cecil and faced opposition

Second session: 1605-6
Gunpowder Plot
Unity with legislation targeting Catholics although fianancial settlement was hard to come by
Granted subsidies worth £400,000

1607-10
Parliament did not meet
Introduction to Great Contract in 1610