Momentum and Energy Flashcards
Collision
when two objects come into contact with each other; one or more objects exerting a force on each other
Elastic Collision
a collision in which two objects bounce off each other (momentum and energy are conserved)
Inelastic Collision
a collision in which two objects stick together after colliding (only momentum is conserved)
Elastic
ability for material to bounce back after being disturbed
Energy
the ability to do work
Elastic Potential Energy
the energy available for use when a deformed elastic object returns to its original configuration
Gravitational Potential Energy
the potential energy of an object due to its position in a gravitational field
Kinetic Energy
the energy of an object that is due to the objects motion
Potential Energy
the energy associated with an object because of the position, shape, or condition of the object
Impulse
the product of the force and time over which the force acts on an object
Joule
the unit for work and energy
Law of Conservation of Energy
energy cannot be lost or consumed, but can be transferred or transformed within (or between) objects
Law of Conservation of Momentum
states that the total momentum of all objects interacting with one another remains constant regardless of the nature of the forces between the objects
Linear Motion
motion in a straight line (one dimension)
Momentum
a quantity defined as the product of the mass and velocity of an object
Power
the rate at which work is done (the rate at which energy is transformed)
Spring Constant
the measure of a spring’s resistance to being compressed or stretched
System
a set of objects chosen to be part of a model
Closed System
a system in which matter is not allowed to enter or leave
Isolated System
a system in which both energy and matter are not allowed in or out
Watt
the unit for power
Work
a result of a force moving an object a certain distance
Negative Work
occurs when a force is applied in the opposite direction of displacement of an object
Positive Work
occurs when a force acts in the same direction as the displacement of an object
Work-Energy Theorem
state that the work done to an object is equal to an object’s change in energy
