Mollecular biology

Question 1

Energy is ______ related to wavelength

Answer 1

inversely

Question 2

Shorter the wavelength of the light, the higher the________

Answer 2

energy

Question 3

Light travels in the form of a wave that consists of:

Answer 3

light particles or electromagnetic radiation particles

Question 4

electromagnetic radiation particles are also called

Answer 4

photons

Question 5

Wavelength is distance between two:

Answer 5

consecutive crests

Question 6

If you have short wavelength light, it will give you:

Answer 6

higher resolving power

Question 7

Three important features of a microscope

Answer 7

1) Magnification, 2)Resolution/Resolving power

3) Contrast

Question 8

Resolving power is:

Answer 8

ability to distinguish between two objects close together

Question 9

Air and Glass have___optical densities

Answer 9

different

Question 10

Higher the refractive index of the medium through which light is traveling, ____is the speed of light in that medium

Answer 10

slower

Question 11

n=C/V is formula for____ _____. C=______ of light in vacuum and V=______of light in the medium and n=_______

Answer 11

refractive index
Speed
Velocity
Refractive index

Question 12

Refraction of light is when:

Answer 12

light undergoes bending

Question 13

Simply put, a refractive index is a _____of two velocities of light

Answer 13

ratio

Question 14

If the refractive index of a medium is high (ie Oil) the speed of light in vacuum will be:

Answer 14

higher

Question 15

Magnification results when a beam of radiation/electrons refracts as it passes through a ____. A Glass lens is for ____ and a magnetic lens is for ___

Answer 15

lens
Visible light
Electrons

Question 16

Magnification of an image will increase with more thickness and curvature of a lens while the magnification will decrease as the focal length of the lens ______,

Answer 16

increases

Question 17

Distance between focal point of lens and curvature of the lens is called the ____

Answer 17

focal length

Question 18

magnification is directly related to the thickness(diameter) of the ___

Answer 18

lens

Question 19

Magnification is inversely proportional to the ____ length

Answer 19

focal

Question 20

Inversely proportional in magnification means:

Answer 20

larger the focal length(distance between focal point and convex lens), smaller the magnification. Smaller the focal length/distance, the larger the magnification

Question 21

NA means _____Aperture

Answer 21

Numerical

Question 22

NA is _____gathering ability of a lens

Answer 22

light

Question 23

Higher the refractive____ the higher the ____

Answer 23

Index

NA (Numerical Aperture)

Question 24

Refractive Index and Numerical Aperture are _____ proportional

Answer 24

directly

Question 25

Resolution distance is the distance between ____ objects

Answer 25

two

Question 26

Smaller the resolution distance a microscope can resolve the _____is the resolving power

Answer 26

higher/better

Question 27

Shorter the wavelength of light and larger NA value, the ____ the resolution distance

Answer 27

smaller

Question 28

Immersion oil has the same ____ as glass, hence light travels through immersion lens at the ___speed as light and does ____get refracted

Answer 28

RI same not

Question 29

Because immersion oil does not refract, it increases magnification and more light is gathered into the lens to_____

Answer 29

produce the image

Question 30

Formula for Resolution distance = 0.61 * the Wavelength divided by:

Answer 30

Numerical Aperture (NA)

Question 31

Resolution distance equation tells us that the ____the wavelength of the light, the_____ resolution distance and the resolving power goes____

Answer 31

shorter Smaller Up

Question 32

In resolution Distance formula, the ______the Numerical Aperture, the smaller the resolution distance

Answer 32

Higher

Question 33

Shorter the wavelength of light and larger the NA value, the ____ is the resolution distance

Answer 33

smaller

Question 34

Smaller the resolution distance, ____ is the resolving power of a microscope

Answer 34

better

Question 35

Blue light offers ___ resolution than red light

Answer 35

superior

Question 36

Phase microscopes are ____ and phase means that the crests and troughs are in sync and would be superimposed. They are useful for examining _____ transparent cells

Answer 36

bright Unstained

Question 37

When a phase microscope is out of phase, you get a ___ image

Answer 37

dark

Question 38

When a phase microscope is partially out of phase you get a _____ image

Answer 38

fainter

Question 39

Phase microscopes are very useful for observing _____ ____ cells

Answer 39

unstained live

Question 40

Fluorescence is emission of a long wavelength _____ energy light after a chemical's electron is excited by a ____ energy _____ wavelength light

Answer 40

low High Short

Question 41

Fluorescent microscopes use ____ light to fluoresce objects stained with a fluorescent dye or a naturally fluorescent specimen

Answer 41

UV

Question 42

UV light _____ resolution because of its _____ wavelength

Answer 42

increases | Shorter

Question 43

Images taken with the aid of a microscope are called ______

Answer 43

micrographs

Question 44

Immunofluorescence microscopes are useful in finding a ______ inside a cell, and has implications in medical testing as well as for plants

Answer 44

protein

Question 45

Normal light versus Laser light

Answer 45

Normal light has multiple wave lengths, non parallel, and multidirectional Laser lights are monochromatic (same wavelength), Collimated (parallel and not divergent) and Coherent (Unidirectional)

Question 46

Confocal laser scanning microscopy is a _____ microscope to fluorescent

Answer 46

Superior

Question 47

In a confocal laser microscope, fluorescent light is emitted by the dye as it passes through a _____ aperture. This eliminates blurring and results in a clear two dimensional images with improved resolution.

Answer 47

pinhole

Question 48

Confocal microscopes do an ______ through the specimen and successive planes are illuminated until the entire specimen has been scanned. The scanned planes of specimens resemble a stack of images that can be converted to a digital form and viewed by a computer and____ ____ ____from any direction.

Answer 48

"Optical slice" rotated and viewed

Question 49

Confocal microscopes used for the detection of chemical _____ in cells and allows ____ _____ visualization of fully hydrated, living specimens in biofilms. Chemical change in Calcium in the muscle would appear blue when contracting and a fainter or no color when relaxing.

Answer 49

changes | real time

Question 50

Transmission Electron Microscopes (TEM) are used for viewing cells ______ structures, such as mitochondria or other interior organelles

Answer 50

ultra

Question 51

Scanning electron microscopes (SEM_ are used for viewing ___ surface features

Answer 51

cell

Question 52

Probe Microscopy has the ____ resolving power of the microscopes

Answer 52

highest

Question 53

Two types of Probe microscopy: Scanning tunneling Microscope (____) and ______ force Microscope (AFM)

Answer 53

STM | Atomic

Question 54

AFM or Atomic Force Microscopes are used for visualizing ___ specimens, which Scanning Tunneling Microscopes (STM) can not

Answer 54

live