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Biochemistry and Mollecular Biology > Mollecular biology > Flashcards

Mollecular biology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Energy is ______ related to wavelength

A

inversely

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2
Q

Shorter the wavelength of the light, the higher the________

A

energy

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3
Q

Light travels in the form of a wave that consists of:

A

light particles or electromagnetic radiation particles

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4
Q

electromagnetic radiation particles are also called

A

photons

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5
Q

Wavelength is distance between two:

A

consecutive crests

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6
Q

If you have short wavelength light, it will give you:

A

higher resolving power

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7
Q

Three important features of a microscope

A

1) Magnification, 2)Resolution/Resolving power

3) Contrast

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8
Q

Resolving power is:

A

ability to distinguish between two objects close together

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9
Q

Air and Glass have___optical densities

A

different

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10
Q

Higher the refractive index of the medium through which light is traveling, ____is the speed of light in that medium

A

slower

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11
Q

n=C/V is formula for____ _____. C=______ of light in vacuum and V=______of light in the medium and n=_______

A

refractive index
Speed
Velocity
Refractive index

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12
Q

Refraction of light is when:

A

light undergoes bending

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13
Q

Simply put, a refractive index is a _____of two velocities of light

A

ratio

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14
Q

If the refractive index of a medium is high (ie Oil) the speed of light in vacuum will be:

A

higher

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15
Q

Magnification results when a beam of radiation/electrons refracts as it passes through a ____. A Glass lens is for ____ and a magnetic lens is for ___

A

lens
Visible light
Electrons

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16
Q

Magnification of an image will increase with more thickness and curvature of a lens while the magnification will decrease as the focal length of the lens ______,

A

increases

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17
Q

Distance between focal point of lens and curvature of the lens is called the ____

A

focal length

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18
Q

magnification is directly related to the thickness(diameter) of the ___

A

lens

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19
Q

Magnification is inversely proportional to the ____ length

A

focal

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20
Q

Inversely proportional in magnification means:

A

larger the focal length(distance between focal point and convex lens), smaller the magnification. Smaller the focal length/distance, the larger the magnification

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21
Q

NA means _____Aperture

A

Numerical

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22
Q

NA is _____gathering ability of a lens

A

light

23
Q

Higher the refractive____ the higher the ____

A

Index

NA (Numerical Aperture)

24
Q

Refractive Index and Numerical Aperture are _____ proportional

A

directly

25
Q

Resolution distance is the distance between ____ objects

A

two

26
Q

Smaller the resolution distance a microscope can resolve the _____is the resolving power

A

higher/better

27
Q

Shorter the wavelength of light and larger NA value, the ____ the resolution distance

A

smaller

28
Q

Immersion oil has the same ____ as glass, hence light travels through immersion lens at the ___speed as light and does ____get refracted

A

RI
same
not

29
Q

Because immersion oil does not refract, it increases magnification and more light is gathered into the lens to_____

A

produce the image

30
Q

Formula for Resolution distance = 0.61 * the Wavelength divided by:

A

Numerical Aperture (NA)

31
Q

Resolution distance equation tells us that the ____the wavelength of the light, the_____ resolution distance and the resolving power goes____

A

shorter

Smaller

Up

32
Q

In resolution Distance formula, the ______the Numerical Aperture, the smaller the resolution distance

A

Higher

33
Q

Shorter the wavelength of light and larger the NA value, the ____ is the resolution distance

A

smaller

34
Q

Smaller the resolution distance, ____ is the resolving power of a microscope

A

better

35
Q

Blue light offers ___ resolution than red light

A

superior

36
Q

Phase microscopes are ____ and phase means that the crests and troughs are in sync and would be superimposed. They are useful for examining _____ transparent cells

A

bright

Unstained

37
Q

When a phase microscope is out of phase, you get a ___ image

A

dark

38
Q

When a phase microscope is partially out of phase you get a _____ image

A

fainter

39
Q

Phase microscopes are very useful for observing _____ ____ cells

A

unstained live

40
Q

Fluorescence is emission of a long wavelength _____ energy light after a chemical’s electron is excited by a ____ energy _____ wavelength light

A

low
High
Short

41
Q

Fluorescent microscopes use ____ light to fluoresce objects stained with a fluorescent dye or a naturally fluorescent specimen

A

UV

42
Q

UV light _____ resolution because of its _____ wavelength

A

increases

Shorter

43
Q

Images taken with the aid of a microscope are called ______

A

micrographs

44
Q

Immunofluorescence microscopes are useful in finding a ______ inside a cell, and has implications in medical testing as well as for plants

A

protein

45
Q

Normal light versus Laser light

A

Normal light has multiple wave lengths, non parallel, and multidirectional
Laser lights are monochromatic (same wavelength), Collimated (parallel and not divergent) and Coherent (Unidirectional)

46
Q

Confocal laser scanning microscopy is a _____ microscope to fluorescent

A

Superior

47
Q

In a confocal laser microscope, fluorescent light is emitted by the dye as it passes through a _____ aperture. This eliminates blurring and results in a clear two dimensional images with improved resolution.

A

pinhole

48
Q

Confocal microscopes do an ______ through the specimen and successive planes are illuminated until the entire specimen has been scanned. The scanned planes of specimens resemble a stack of images that can be converted to a digital form and viewed by a computer and____ ____ ____from any direction.

A

“Optical slice”

rotated and viewed

49
Q

Confocal microscopes used for the detection of chemical _____ in cells and allows ____ _____ visualization of fully hydrated, living specimens in biofilms. Chemical change in Calcium in the muscle would appear blue when contracting and a fainter or no color when relaxing.

A

changes

real time

50
Q

Transmission Electron Microscopes (TEM) are used for viewing cells ______ structures, such as mitochondria or other interior organelles

A

ultra

51
Q

Scanning electron microscopes (SEM_ are used for viewing ___ surface features

A

cell

52
Q

Probe Microscopy has the ____ resolving power of the microscopes

A

highest

53
Q

Two types of Probe microscopy: Scanning tunneling Microscope (____) and ______ force Microscope (AFM)

A

STM

Atomic

54
Q

AFM or Atomic Force Microscopes are used for visualizing ___ specimens, which Scanning Tunneling Microscopes (STM) can not

A

live

Biochemistry and Mollecular Biology (6 decks)

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