Moledule 2 Flashcards
Topic 3 (Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Function) and Topic 4 (Cardiovascular Response to Exercise)
What is FVC
Forced Vital Capacity
Amount of air exhaled during FEV (forced expiratory volume) test with effort in complete breath
What is FEV1
Forced Vital Capacity
Amount of air exhaled with effort in 1 second
FEV1/FVC ratio
Used to determine if pattern is obstructive, restrictive or normal
What is PEF?
Peak Expiratory Flow
Test to measure airflow out of the lung
Vt
Tital Volume
Amount of air you can move in and out of your lungs at rest
What is IRV?
Inspiratory Reserve Volume
the additional air that can be inspired during Vt
What is ERV?
Expiratory Resvere Volume
The additional air that can be expired during Vt
What is TLC?
Total Lung Capacity
the volume of air in the lungs upon maximal inspiration effort
What is IC?
Inspiratiory Capacity
Maximal volume of air inspired after reaching the end of a normal expieration
What is RLV?
Residual Lung Volume
the amount of air that remains in the lungs after maximal exhalation
What is FRC?
Functional Residual Capacity
the volume remaining in the lungs after a normal passive exhalation
What is SV?
Stroke Volume
Stroke Volume has multiple factors that influence it - End of diastolic volume (Preload (venous return and filling time)) and End of systolic volume (Preload (venous return and filling time)) (Contractitlity (autonomic innervation and hormones)) (Afterload(vasodilation or vascoconstricition))
Increased SV - Intrinstic Myocardial mechanism (Frank-Starling Law of the heart), Neurhormal (catecholamine release), training-induced adaptation (cardiac hyertrophy)
What is the Frank-Starling Mechanism?
Inital length of muscle fibre is proitioned to the force of the contraction, within its physiological limit
What is the equation for cardiac output?
Q (with dot) = HR x SV
Cardiac Output = Heart Rate x Stroke Volume
What is Contractility?
Inotrophy; ability to generate force (autonomic innervation and hormones) (mechanism involes modulating the availability of Ca2+ for muscular contraction)
What is Preload?
The inital stretch of the cardiomyocyte before contraction (ventricle is at its fullest - has a relationship with end of diastolic volume)
What is Afterload?
The work imposed upon ventricules before contraction (greater aortic pressure results in increased afterload)
