Molecules to Organisms Flashcards
How many elements are living organisms made of?
25
What six elements make up all living things?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulfur
Why is carbon the most important element of life?
The most important and abundant, extremely versatile, finite resource(carbon cycle), can form stable bonds with other elements, can form a variety of large and complex compounds, building blocks of all life on earth
Monomer
single units of simpler elements
Polymer
Many monomers combined to form longer molecules
Macromolecules
larger molecules that form living things known as biomolecules and organic compounds
What are the 4 types of macromolecules?
Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids
How many bonds can Carbon make?
4
How many bonds can Nitrogen make?
3
How many bonds can Oxygen make?
2
How many bonds can Hydrogen make?
1
What elements make up Carbohydrates?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
What are the monomers in Carbohydrates?
Glucose (Monosaccharide) and Starch (Polysaccharide)
What is the function of Carbohydrates?
Provides short-term energy
Where are Carbohydrates found?
Fruits, Veggies, Grains, Pasta, Flour
What elements make up Proteins?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
What monomers are in Proteins?
Amino Acids(20 different types)=polypeptide chain
What is the function of Protein?
Controls the rate of reaction by lowering activation levels, forms bonds, and muscles, transports substances, fights diseases, regulates cell function
Where are Proteins found?
Hair, muscle, enzymes, eggs, meat
What elements make up Lipids?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
What monomers are in Lipids?
Glycol, Fatty Acids(Triglyceride)
What is the function of Lipids?
Stores long-term energy, and makes up the cell membrane structure
Where are Lipids found?
Fats, Oils, Waxes
What elements make up Nucleic Acids
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus
What monomers are in Nucleic Acids?
Nucleotides
What is the function of Nucleic Acids?
Stores and transmits genetic information
Where are Nucleic Acids found?
DNA, RNA
