Molecules to Metabolism (2.1)

Question 1

What was important about urea? Why?

Answer 1

The artificial synthesization of urea by Friedrich Wohler disproved vitalism for the first time.

Question 2

What is vitalism?

Answer 2

Vitalism is the scientific doctrine that living organisms are fundamentally different from non-living entities because they contain some non-physical element or are governed by different principals than inanimate things

Question 3

What kinds of bonds does carbon make?

Answer 3

Carbon can make up to four covalent bonds with other atoms to complete its outer shell

Question 4

What are the four basic carbon compounds?

Answer 4

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Question 5

Carbohydrates

Answer 5

• composed of the elements C, H, and O

- has a H:O ratio of 2:1

Question 6

Lipids

Answer 6

• insoluble in water

- include steroids, triglycerides, oils, and waxes

Question 7

Proteins

Answer 7

• made of one or more chains of amino acids joined by peptide bonds
• contain elements C, H, O, and N

Question 8

Nucleic Acids

Answer 8

• contain elements C, H, O, N, and P

- DNA and RNA are the two types of nucleic acids

Question 9

Ribose

Answer 9

• C₅H₁₀O₅

- sugar

Question 10

Glucose

Answer 10

• C6H12O6

- sugar

Question 11

What is metabolism?

Answer 11

the web of all enzyme catalyzed reactions in a cell or organism

Question 12

What is anabolism?

Answer 12

the synthesis of complex organisms from simpler organisms.

Question 13

What is catabalism?

Answer 13

the synthesis of simple molecules from more complex molecules