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IB Bio Jr. > Carbohydrates & Lipids > Flashcards

Carbohydrates & Lipids Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Inorganic molecules

A

NaCl, PO, K

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2
Q

Organic molecules

A

contain C and H (*all organic molecules contain carbon, but not all carbon molecules are organic)

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3
Q

What is a macromolecule?

A

Large molecules formed by joining subunits together, making a polymer. The subunits are called monomers.

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4
Q

What are the three types of carbohydrates?

A

monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides

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5
Q

What are the monosaccharides?

A

(C6H16O6) Glucose, Fructose, Galactose. (C5H10O5) RIbose

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6
Q

What are the disaccharides?

A

Maltose, lactose, sucrose (C12H22O11)

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7
Q

Maltose

A

Glucose + Glucose - Water

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8
Q

Lactose

A

Glucose + Galactose - Water

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9
Q

Sucrose

A

Glucose + Fructose - Water

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10
Q

What are condensation reactions?

A

When two monosaccharides are joined together to form a disaccharide with a release of a water molecule

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11
Q

What bonds are used in polysaccharides?

A

glycosidic linkages

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12
Q

What is cellulose?

A

A structural material found in the cell wall of plants made up of glucose (structure)

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13
Q

What is starch?

A

A polymer of alpha-glucose

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14
Q

What are the two forms of starch?

A

Amylose (un-branched), Amylopectin (branched)

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15
Q

What is glycogen?

A

a branched polymer of alpha-glucose (most branched of all)

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16
Q

What are lipids?

A

A group of compounds that mix poorly with water (Triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids)

17
Q

Triglycerides

A
  • made from one glycerol and three fatty acids
  • formed by condensation reactions
  • store energy but do not conduct heat
18
Q

What bonds form in triglycerides?

A

ester bonds

19
Q

What are the parts of a fatty acid?

A

A carboxyl group (COOH) and an unbranched hydrocarbon train

20
Q

types of fatty acids

A

saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated

21
Q

What are saturated fatty acids?

A

all the carbo atoms are connected by a single covalent bond

22
Q

What are monounsaturated fatty acid?

A

there is only one double bond

23
Q

What is a polyunsaturated double bond?

A

there are two or more double bonds

24
Q

What are cis unsaturated fats?

A
  • all hydrogens are bonded to the same side, creating a bent structure
  • bent molecule stops them from packing together a room temp
25
Q

What are trans unsaturated fats?

A
  • hydrogens are on the other side of double bonds, creating a straight structure
  • unsaturated fats can be made into trans fats so that it solid at room temp

IB Bio Jr. (10 decks)

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