Carbohydrates & Lipids Flashcards
Inorganic molecules
NaCl, PO, K
Organic molecules
contain C and H (*all organic molecules contain carbon, but not all carbon molecules are organic)
What is a macromolecule?
Large molecules formed by joining subunits together, making a polymer. The subunits are called monomers.
What are the three types of carbohydrates?
monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides
What are the monosaccharides?
(C6H16O6) Glucose, Fructose, Galactose. (C5H10O5) RIbose
What are the disaccharides?
Maltose, lactose, sucrose (C12H22O11)
Maltose
Glucose + Glucose - Water
Lactose
Glucose + Galactose - Water
Sucrose
Glucose + Fructose - Water
What are condensation reactions?
When two monosaccharides are joined together to form a disaccharide with a release of a water molecule
What bonds are used in polysaccharides?
glycosidic linkages
What is cellulose?
A structural material found in the cell wall of plants made up of glucose (structure)
What is starch?
A polymer of alpha-glucose
What are the two forms of starch?
Amylose (un-branched), Amylopectin (branched)
What is glycogen?
a branched polymer of alpha-glucose (most branched of all)
What are lipids?
A group of compounds that mix poorly with water (Triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids)
Triglycerides
- made from one glycerol and three fatty acids
- formed by condensation reactions
- store energy but do not conduct heat
What bonds form in triglycerides?
ester bonds
What are the parts of a fatty acid?
A carboxyl group (COOH) and an unbranched hydrocarbon train
types of fatty acids
saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated
What are saturated fatty acids?
all the carbo atoms are connected by a single covalent bond
What are monounsaturated fatty acid?
there is only one double bond
What is a polyunsaturated double bond?
there are two or more double bonds
What are cis unsaturated fats?
- all hydrogens are bonded to the same side, creating a bent structure
- bent molecule stops them from packing together a room temp
