Molecules Of Life Flashcards
Where is the mitrochondria found?
In the cytoplasm
What is the site for protein - synthesis?
Ribosomes - they are smaller than mitrochondria yet also found in the cytoplasm
Where are genes contained?
In the nucleus
Each gene:
- is a section of a chromosome made of DNA
* codes for a particular protein
DNA is made of two strands coiled to form a?
Double helix
What are the chemicals that are contained in each strand of DNA called
Bases
How many types of bases are there?
4 - A,T,C and G
There are cross links between the strands formed by pairs of bases, each gene contains a sequence of bases
If proteins are made in the cytoplasm but DNA cannot leave the nucleus - how does the code get to the cytoplasm
A copy of the gene is made to be carried from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, it is carried by a molecule called mRNA
What are the base pairings and what are they called?
A-T & C-G
This is called complementary base pairing
What controls which protein is made? - why?
The DNA base code, this is because the base sequence in DNA codes for the amino acid sequence in the protein
What is the amount of bases a single amino acid is coded for?
3 bases
What are the majority of the proteins that are made?
Enzymes - which control the activity of the cell
What were the two important pieces of data Watson and crick used to build a model of DNA from other scientist
- photographs taken from X-rays showing that DNA had two chains wound into a helix
- data indicating that the bases occured in pairs
What was the year Watson and crick worked out the structure of DNA, then won the Nobel prize and why was there a large gap inbetween
Made the mode: 1953
Won the prize: 1962
It takes a while as other scientists need to check the discovery to make sure that it is correct
What does the number of mitrochondria in the cytoplasm of the cell depend on?
The activity of the cell eg. The liver or muscle cells have large number of mitrochondria
