Molecules and covalent bonds Flashcards
What happens during covalent bonding
This is when a non-metals atom combines with another non-metal atom by sharing the electrons in the outer shell.
Define Covalent bonding
Electrostatic attraction between nuclei of a pair of atoms and the shared electrons between those atoms
Distinguish between heteronuclear and homonuclear molecules
Heteronuclear molecules are made of different kinds of atoms like CO2 or H2O, while Homonuclear molecules are made of the same kinds of atoms like Hydrogen or oxygen.
State the properties of Ionic compounds
- Usually solids at room temperature
- They have high melting and boiling points because of the electrostatic forces holding the crystal lattice
- They don’t conduct electricity
- They are soluble in water
- They conduct electricity when melted or dissolved in water
State the properties of covalent compounds
-They are usually solids, liquids, or gasses at room temperature
-They have low melting and boiling points
-Poor conductors of electricity and heat
Most of them are not soluble in water, some are while some dissolve in organic solvents
-The forces of atoms in covalent molecules are stronger than the intermolecular forces between molecules.
What shape does the water molecule have
V-shape
What shape does the carbon dioxide molecule have
linear shape
What shape does the methane molecule have
Tetrahedral Shape
What shape does the ammonia molecule have
Pyramidal Shape
What is meant by Buckminsterfullernece (Buckyball)
It is a homonuclear molecular allotrope of carbon
What are the uses of Buckyball (C60)
- Used as a drug delivery system in the body
- Lubricant
- Catalyst
State two molecules with lone pairs
Water and Ammonia
State two molecules with bonded pairs
Carbon dioxide and Methane
What are diatomic molecules made up of
Two atoms bonded covalently
Why do molecules have different shapes
Due to electron-pair repulsion
