Molecules Flashcards
1
Q
Amylose
A
- Carb
- Polysaccharide
- a-glucose
- 1,4 glycosidic bonds
- Coiled
- Unbranched
- Energy storage in plants
- Insoluble
- Reacts w iodine to turn starch black
2
Q
Amylopectin
A
- Carb
- Polysaccharide
- a-glucose
- 1,4 glycosidic bonds
- Branched
- Branches form 1,6 glycosidic bonds
- Energy storage in plants
- Insoluble
- Branches can be hydrolysed to release a-glucose (for aerobic resp.)
- Less branched than glycogen
3
Q
Glycogen
A
- Carb
- Polysaccharide
- a-glucose
- 1,4 glycosidic bonds
- v branched
- Branches form 1,6 glycosidic bonds
- More compact than starch
- Energy storage in animals
- Insoluble
- Branches can b hydrolysed to release a-glucose (for aerobic resp.)
- More branched than amylopectin- more ends for hydrolysis - more energy released
4
Q
Cellulose
A
- Carb
- Polysaccharide
- ß-glucose
- 1,4 glycosidic bonds
- Every other ß-glucose flipped 180°
- Long
- Unbranched
- Microfibrils = chains cross-linked w H bonds
- Structural in plants e.g. cell walls
- Insoluble
- v strong
- Embedded in pectin
- Criss-cross inc. strength
- Allows plant cells to become turgid
5
Q
Haemoglobin
A
- Globular protein
- Quat. structure - 2 a chains and 2 ß chains
- Prosthetic haem group
- Fe2+ ion
- Carries oxygen
- Soluble
6
Q
Collagen
A
- Fibrous protein
- In chains, every 3rd amino acid is glycine
- Collagen molecule = 3 chains tightly interwoven - H bonds give extra strength
- Collagen fibrils = collagen molecules cross-linked w covalent bonds
- Structural in animals e.g. arterial walls, cartilage, tendons and connective tissue
- Insoluble
- High tensile strength
- NOT elastic
- Flexible
7
Q
Triglycerides
A
- Lipid
- 3 fatty acids + glycerol (ester bonds)
- Energy store in animals
- Insoluble
- Stored in adipose cells
- Can be broken down more completely than carbs to release more energy
8
Q
Phospholipids
A
- Lipids
- 2 fatty acid tails (ester bonds) + phosphate head group + glycerol
- Soluble head
- Insoluble tails
- More unsaturated tails = inc. fluidity
9
Q
Cholesterol
A
- 4 carbon ring structure
- Steroid hormones
- Regulates fluidity of CCM
- Insoluble
- Can cause atherosclerosis (by deposition in blood vessels) - narrows blood vessels, inc. blood pressure and risk of myocardial infarction