Molecules Flashcards

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1
Q

Amylose

A
  • Carb
  • Polysaccharide
  • a-glucose
  • 1,4 glycosidic bonds
  • Coiled
  • Unbranched
  • Energy storage in plants
  • Insoluble
  • Reacts w iodine to turn starch black
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2
Q

Amylopectin

A
  • Carb
  • Polysaccharide
  • a-glucose
  • 1,4 glycosidic bonds
  • Branched
  • Branches form 1,6 glycosidic bonds
  • Energy storage in plants
  • Insoluble
  • Branches can be hydrolysed to release a-glucose (for aerobic resp.)
  • Less branched than glycogen
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3
Q

Glycogen

A
  • Carb
  • Polysaccharide
  • a-glucose
  • 1,4 glycosidic bonds
  • v branched
  • Branches form 1,6 glycosidic bonds
  • More compact than starch
  • Energy storage in animals
  • Insoluble
  • Branches can b hydrolysed to release a-glucose (for aerobic resp.)
  • More branched than amylopectin- more ends for hydrolysis - more energy released
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4
Q

Cellulose

A
  • Carb
  • Polysaccharide
  • ß-glucose
  • 1,4 glycosidic bonds
  • Every other ß-glucose flipped 180°
  • Long
  • Unbranched
  • Microfibrils = chains cross-linked w H bonds
  • Structural in plants e.g. cell walls
  • Insoluble
  • v strong
  • Embedded in pectin
  • Criss-cross inc. strength
  • Allows plant cells to become turgid
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5
Q

Haemoglobin

A
  • Globular protein
  • Quat. structure - 2 a chains and 2 ß chains
  • Prosthetic haem group
  • Fe2+ ion
  • Carries oxygen
  • Soluble
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6
Q

Collagen

A
  • Fibrous protein
  • In chains, every 3rd amino acid is glycine
  • Collagen molecule = 3 chains tightly interwoven - H bonds give extra strength
  • Collagen fibrils = collagen molecules cross-linked w covalent bonds
  • Structural in animals e.g. arterial walls, cartilage, tendons and connective tissue
  • Insoluble
  • High tensile strength
  • NOT elastic
  • Flexible
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7
Q

Triglycerides

A
  • Lipid
  • 3 fatty acids + glycerol (ester bonds)
  • Energy store in animals
  • Insoluble
  • Stored in adipose cells
  • Can be broken down more completely than carbs to release more energy
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8
Q

Phospholipids

A
  • Lipids
  • 2 fatty acid tails (ester bonds) + phosphate head group + glycerol
  • Soluble head
  • Insoluble tails
  • More unsaturated tails = inc. fluidity
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9
Q

Cholesterol

A
  • 4 carbon ring structure
  • Steroid hormones
  • Regulates fluidity of CCM
  • Insoluble
  • Can cause atherosclerosis (by deposition in blood vessels) - narrows blood vessels, inc. blood pressure and risk of myocardial infarction
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