Module 4 Definitions (so far)

Question 1

Disease

Answer 1

A departure from good health caused by malfunction of the mind or body which causes physical, mental or social symptoms

Question 2

Pathogens

Answer 2

Organisms that cause disease

Question 3

Parasites

Answer 3

Organisms that live in or on another living thing (host), causing it harm

Question 4

Transmission

Answer 4

The way in which a pathogen or parasite travels from one host to another

Question 5

Vector

Answer 5

An organism which carries a pathogen from one host to another

Question 6

Immune response

Answer 6

The specific response to antigens on the cell surface membrane of a pathogen. It involves lymphocytes and the production of antibodies

Question 7

Primary defences

Answer 7

Prevent pathogens from entering the body

Question 8

Secondary defences

Answer 8

Attempt to kill pathogens after they have entered the body

Question 9

Non specific

Answer 9

Digest a range of pathogens

Question 10

Antigens

Answer 10

Protein/glycoproteins found on the cell surface membrane of cells. Foreign antigens stimulate an immune response

Question 11

Antibodies

Answer 11

Proteins which identify and neutralise antigens. Each antibody is specific to a particular antigen due to the complimentary shapes of the antigen and variable region of the antibody

Question 12

Vaccination

Answer 12

Deliberate exposure to antigenic material which activates the immune system, to make an immune response and provide immunity

Question 13

Natural immunity

Answer 13

Gained in the normal course of living

Question 14

Artificial immunity

Answer 14

Gained by an injection which is deliberate exposure to antibodies or antigens

Question 15

Passive immunity

Answer 15

Acquired without the activation of lymphocytes - provided by antibodies which haven’t been made by the person’s own immune system

Question 16

Active immunity

Answer 16

Acquired by the activation of the person’s own immune system