Moleculele+Acizii si bazele Flashcards

1
Q

Moleculele sunt:

A

combinatii de doi sau mai multi atomi

  • pt un element-ac tip de atom
  • pt un compus-mai multe tipuri de atomi
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2
Q

Masa moleculara :

A

masa atomica a atomilor din molecula

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3
Q

Masele moleculare se exprima in

A

daltoni(==masa unui atom de hideogen)

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4
Q

Pt ca atomii sa formeze o leg ei trbuie sa

A

se apropie indeajuns ai straturile lor electronice sa se suprapuna===>sa schimbe sau sa imparta e-==>leg chimica

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5
Q

Leg chimice pot fi

A

ionice,covalente,de hidrogen

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6
Q

O leg ionica se formeaza ;

A

electronii unui atom sunt cedati unui alto atom==>ioni

-sarcinile celor doi ioni sunt opuse ==>se atrag formand leg ionica

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7
Q

Leg covalenta se formeaza

A

cand doi atomi pun in comun unul sau mai multi electroni( 1sg pereche de e-=leg cov simpla ===>2 perechi ==leg cov dubla

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8
Q

Leg de hidrogen

A

==leg slaba==formata prin atractii intre parti ale moleculelor usor pozitive si parti usor negative

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9
Q

Leg de hidrogen ajuta la

A

mentinerea structurii de dublu helix a ADN ului
+
forma tridimensionala a proteinelor

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10
Q

Reactie chimica=reactanti ->produsi de reactie

=+apa=HIDROLIZA

A

!!!!!APA SOLVENT IMP IN REACTIILE CHIMICE(TOATE REACTIILE CHIMICE AU LOC IN APA)>75% DIN COMPOZITIA ORG

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11
Q

Un acid :

A

elibereaza ioni de hidrogen(protoni) cand este adaugat in apa

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12
Q

Un acid este considerat tare(acidul clorhidric,sulfuric,azotic)

A

daca isi elibereaza toti ionii de hidrogen

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13
Q

Un acid este considerat slab (acidul carbonic)

A

daca elibereaza doar cativa ioni de hidrogen

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14
Q

Acizii au gust acru si reactioneaza cu multe metale

A

concentratia de protoni eliberati de un acid det aciditatea solutiei

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15
Q

Compusii care atrag hidrogenul cand sunt introdusi in apa

A

se numesc BAZE(hidroxidul de sodiu NaOH),lasand in urma radicali ionici hidroxil (-OH)===>sol bazica alcalina

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16
Q

Masurarea aciditatii sau alcalinitatii unei substante se face acu ajut

A

pH ului=(log zecimal cu semn schimbat al concentratiei ionilor de hidrgogen)

17
Q

nr ioni H ==nr ioni hidroxil ==>pH-ul substantei este neutru

A
suc gastric=1,4
urina=6,0
saliva=6.8
lapte=7,1
lacrimi=7,2
sange=7,4
suc intestinal=7,8
suc pancreatic=8,0