Compusi organici Flashcards

1
Q

Compusi organici:

A

glucidele,lipidele,proteinele,acizii nucleici

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2
Q

Glucidele:

  • compuse din C,O,H
  • H:O=2:1
A

rol-materiale structurale +sursa de energie

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3
Q

Glucidele simple(zaharide)

A

-monozaharide(o sg unitatea moleculara)
=glucoza(C6H12O6)==!!!!!energie )
=fructoza ) izomeri
=galactoza
)
-dizaharide(2 unit moleculare monoz)
=maltoza–rez din degradarea amidonului in intestin
=zaharoza(zaharul de masa) =gluzoca+fructoza=E
=lacotza=gluzoca+galactoza=E

-polizaharidele(glucid compus)
=amidon(mii de unit glucidice)=forma de dep a glucidelor in plante
=glicogen=!!! cea mai imp forma de dep a glucozei in ficat si ms scheletici
=celuloza(!LEG COV=!MICROORGANISME)-in peretii celulari ai plantelor —fibre celulare din org

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4
Q

Lipidele (C,H,O)

H:O>glucide

A

-includ steroizi(materialul din care sunt alc unii hormoni)
ceruri
grasimi
fosfolipide(mb celulara)

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5
Q

Grasimile sunt compuse din

A

=o molecula glicerol+1/2/3 acid gras(==>mono/di/tri-gliceridele)
=un acid gras=format=un lant lung de C & H + o grupare(-COOH) de acid organic
=acizii grasi sunt legati de o molecula de gliceol prin deshidratare
=nr atomilor de C dintr un acid gras =4-24

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6
Q

Proteinele(sunt mari) alc din

A

aminoazici

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7
Q

Aminoacizii contin

A

=atomi de carbon,H,O,N +-/sulf,fosfor
=exista 20 de tipuei de aminoacizi=o gr amino(NH2),o gr carboxil(-COOH) si un radical (-R)*
ex aminoacizi:alanina,valina,tirozina

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8
Q

Pt a forma o proteina,aminoacizii

A

se leaga unul de celalat prin inlaturarea atomului de hidrogen din gr amino si inlaturarea hidroxilului gr acide a celui de al doilea aa
=apoi gr amino se leaga de gr acid si se elimina o molecula de apa(deshidratare)

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9
Q

Leg formata intre aa

A

leg peptidica

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10
Q

Proteinele mici

A

peptide

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11
Q

Corpul uman are nevoie de proteine pt

A

=sinteza coponentelor celulare,a hormonilor si a enzimelor

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12
Q

Hormonii asigura

A

reglarea chimcia a org

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13
Q

Enzimele sunt proteine ce

A

catalizeaza maj reactiilor chimcie ce au loc in celule
=enzimele nu se consuma in reactie–>ramana disponibile pt a cataliza reactiile viit
=!!!!!fara enzime chimia celulare nu poate avea loc,dc ele asigura loc pt subst sa interactioneze
=!reactiile de descompunere si sinteza depind mult de enzime

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14
Q

Proteinele se afla si in afara celulelor cu rol de suport si intarire

A

=oase ,cartilaje,tendoane,ligamente contin proteine in cant mare
=hormoni(insulina,hormonul de crestere) compusi din proteine

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15
Q

Info pt sinteza unor proteine se gasesc in nucleul celulelor unde

A

CODUL GENETIC din ADN det secv de AA care apar in proteina finala –>cromozomii celulei contin acest cod sub forma de gene

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16
Q

AA proteinelor pot servi ca sursa de energie pt celula

A

ficatul indeparteaza gr amino a unui AA==>E