Molecular Reactions And Intermolecular Forces Flashcards
How can observable properties be explained?
By considering the nature and strength of intermolecular forces within a covalent molecular substance.
Define melting point.
Temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid.
Also the same as the freezing point.
Examples of melting points.
Water: 0°C
Oxygen gas: -218°C
Iron: 1538°C
Define boiling point.
Temperature at which the vapour pressure of a liquid equals the external pressure causing the liquid to boil and form a gas.
Define solubility.
The ability of any substance (called a solute) to dissolve in another substance (called the solvent) to form a solution.
Define vapour pressure.
The equilibrium pressure of a vapour above a liquid in a closed container.
What is the cause of the pressure of the vapour?
The amount that evaporates.
Examples of vapour pressure.
Water: 3kPa (at 25°C)
Ethanol: 8kPa (at 25°C)
Define bonding.
Forces of attraction between atoms to form chemical substances.
Also known as Intramolecular forces.
What are the three types of bonding?
Ionic
Covalent
Metallic
Define intermolecular forces.
Forces of attraction operating between molecules of covalently bonded substances.
Weak compared to the intramolecular forces, the forces which keep a molecule together
What is the relative volume of a gas?
Large
What is the relative volume of a liquid?
Small
What is the relative volume of a solid?
Small
What is the dependence of the volume of a gas on volume of container?
Volume of container
