molecular radbiology chapter 34

Question 1

The principal radiation interaction in the

body

Answer 1

Radiation Interaction With Water

Question 2

Irradiation outside of the cell or body

Answer 2

In Vitro

Question 3

Irradiation with the cell or body

Answer 3

in Vivo

Question 4

A liquid that contains dissolved substances

Answer 4

Solution

Question 5

The breakage of the backbone of the ling chain macromolecules

Answer 5

Main-Chain Scission

Question 6

Process of side spurs created by irradiation
& attached to a neighboring macromolecules
or to another segment of the same molecule
 Effect: increases the viscosity of the
macromolecular solution

Answer 6

Cross-Linking

Question 7

Any change that results in the impairment or
loss of function at the point of a single
chemical bond
 Not detectable

Answer 7

Point Lesion

Question 8

The reduction of nutrient molecules for

energy

Answer 8

Catabolism

Question 9

The production of large molecules for form

and function

Answer 9

Anabolism

Question 10

consists of catabolism and

anabolism!

Answer 10

Metabolism

Question 11

Process of forming a protein molecule from

messenger RNA

Answer 11

Translation

Question 12

Process of constructing mRNA

Answer 12

Transcription

Question 13

More abundant than nucleic acids

 Less radiosensitive than nucleic acids

Answer 13

Proteins

Question 14

The most important molecule in the body

 Not abundant in the cell

Answer 14

DNA

Question 15

most radiosensitive molecule

Answer 15

DNA

Question 16

Deoxyribose, phosphate & base molecules
accumulate in the nucleus
 DNA is in familiar double-helix form

Answer 16

G1 Portion of Interphase

Question 17

The DNA separates like a zipper

 Two daughter DNA molecules are formed

Answer 17

S Portion of Interphase

Question 18

Control the growth & development of the

cell

Answer 18

Chromosomes

Question 19

It represents the principal radiation

interaction in the body

Answer 19

Irradiation of Water

Question 20

An uncharged molecule that contains a
single unpaired electron in the other shell
 Lifetime: < 1 ms

Answer 20

Free Radical

Question 21

Poisonous to the cell & therefore acts as a

toxic agent

Answer 21

Hydrogen Peroxide

Question 22

The principal damaging product after
radiolysis of water along with Hydrogen
peroxide

Answer 22

Hydroperoxyl Radica

Question 23

If the initial ionizing event occurs on the

target molecule

Answer 23

Direct Effect

Question 24

If the initial ionizing event occurs on a
distant, noncritical molecule
 The energy is transferred to the target
molecule

Answer 24

Indirect Effect

Question 25

An area on the cell occupied by the target
molecule or by a sensitive site on the target
molecule

Answer 25

Target

Question 26

the target molecule

Answer 26

DNA

Question 27

Process by which normal cells produce a

visible colony in a short time

Answer 27

Cell Cloning

Question 28

It applies to biologic targets such as

enzymes, viruses & bacteria

Answer 28

Single-Target, Single-Hit Model

Question 29

It applies to more complicated biologic

system such as human cells

Answer 29

Multi-Target, Single-Hit Mode

Question 30

The mean lethal dose
 A constant related to the radiosensitivity of
the cell
 It is equal to D37 in the linear portion of the
graph

Answer 30

D0

Question 31

The target number

Answer 31

Extrapolation Number

Question 32

The threshold dose
 A measure of the width of the shoulder of
the multitarget single-hit model
 It is related to the capacity of the cell to
recover from sublethal damage

Answer 32

DQ

Question 33

A damage that must be accumulated before

the cell dies

Answer 33

Sublethal Damage

Question 34

Designed to describe the capacity of a cell to

recover from sublethal damage

Answer 34

Split-Dose Irradiation

Question 35

The average time from one mitosis to

another

Answer 35

Cell-Cycle Time/Cell Generation Time

Question 36

the most time variable of cell phases

Answer 36

G1