Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MCBM Exam 4 Kat > Molecular Mechanisms of Signal Transduction > Flashcards

Molecular Mechanisms of Signal Transduction Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
WSET ® Level 4 D2 Business of Wine flashcards
1
Q

What does Radioimmunoassay (RIA) allow detection of?

A

Tiny quantities of hormones in the blood stream

It is landmark technique for endocrinology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

7 Major Endocrine Glands

A 
Hypothalmus
Pituitary
Thyroid
Kidneys
Ovaries/Testes
Adrenals
Pancreas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the Anterior Piuitary secrete?

A 
Tropic Hormones including
ACTH
Thyrotropin
FSH
LH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the hypothalamus secrete?

A

Releasing factors that target the pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the posterior pituitary secrete?

A

Oxytocin and Vasopressin (ADH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What else can the CNS stimulate other than the Hypothalmus?

A

The adrenal medulla which secretes epinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does changes in blood glucose do to the body?

A

It’s stimulates the pancreas which will either secrete Insulin or Glucagon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 4 main types of Ligands?

A

Eicosanoids
Steroids
Amines
Peptides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some examples of protein hormones?

A 
Hypothalmic hormones
Pituitary hormones
Pancreatic Hormones
Leptin
Renin
ANF
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are oxytocin and vasopressin?

A

Nona peptides which differ at only 2 amino acid residues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do oxytocin and vasopressin reach their target tissues?

A

Each is secreted into general circulation and transported directly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does ADH deficiency result in?

A

Diabetes insipidus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What 3 protein hormones are secreted by the pancreas and what cells are the produced from?

A

They are produced in the islets of langerhans:
alpha cells: glucagon
beta cells: insulin
gamma cells: somatostatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What signals hormone release in the pancreas?

A

[Blood Glucose]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where are Epinephrine and Norepinephrine derived from and produced?

A

They are amine hormones derived from tyrosine and produced in the adrenal medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the thyroid amine hormones and how do they behave?

A

T3 and T4 are hormones that behave like steroids to regulate BMR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do the gonads release?

A

They release androgens and estrogens which are sex steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What do sex steroids target and what is their action?

A

They target reproductive organs controlling gene expression to regulate sexual development and behavior

19
Q

What kind of hormones are adrenocortical hormones?

A

Steroid hormones

20
Q

What does the adrenal cortex release?

A

Corticosteroids:
Glucocorticoids - carb metabolism
Mineralocorticoids - blood electrolytes

21
Q

What are the three types of Eicosanoids/Paracrine Hormones?

A

Prostaglandins
Leukotrienes
Thromboxanes

22
Q

What happens when the ligand binds to its receptor?

A

It initiates a series of events that amplifies the signal

23
Q

What are the two possible ultimate goals of the ligand binding to the receptor?

A

1) activate kinases to alter activity of existing proteins
or
2) activate transcription factors to alter gene expression

24
Q

Is activating kinases a rapid or slow and transient or prolonged response?

A

A very rapid & transient response

25
Q

Is activating transcription factors a rapid or slow and transient or prolonged response?

A

A slower & prolonged response

26
Q

Signals are…

A 
Specific
Amplified
Desensitized
Integrated
Transient
27
Q

What does specificity mean?

A

A signal molecule only binds to one site that no other signals fit into

28
Q

What does amplification mean?

A

When the enzymes activate, the number of affected molecules increases geometrically in an enzyme cascade

29
Q

What does desensitization mean?

A

Receptor activation triggers a feedback circuit that shuts off the receptor or removes it from the cells surface

30
Q

What does repeated signaling lead too?

A

Desensitization

31
Q

What does integration mean?

A

Two signals of opposite effects gives a summed response from both receptors

32
Q

What does transient mean?

A

Signals are self-limiting

Many transient systems are disrupted in disease.

33
Q

What are the 6 major classes of hormone receptors?

A 
Gated ion channels
Receptor enzymes
Serpentines
Adhesion
Steroid
Orphan
34
Q

What are the major classes of G proteins?

A

Gs: stimulates adenylate cyclase
Gi: inhibits adenylate cyclase
Gq: stimulates phosphlipase c

35
Q

What does cell response depend on when it comes to G proteins?

A

The type of G protein coupled to the hormone receptor and available intracellular target for phosphorylation by activated protein kinase

36
Q

What toxins interfere with G proteins?

A

Cholera Toxin

Pertussis Toxin

37
Q

What are transcription factors?

A

Proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences within gene promoter regions and enhance or repress transcription of that gene.

38
Q

What are some examples of Transcription factors

A 
NFB
Myc
STAT
p53
Steroid hormone receptors
39
Q

What are steroid hormones carried by to reach their target tissues?

A

They are carrie by specific globulins in the blood

40
Q

Do steroid hormones pass readily through the plasma membrane?

A

Yes

41
Q

What do steroid hormones bind to?

A

Cytosolic and nuclear receptors

42
Q

What are HREs?

A

Hormone response elements

43
Q

What does the steroid/receptor complex interact with?

A

Specific DNA elements in genome

MCBM Exam 4 Kat (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions