Molecular Geometry and Structure Flashcards
What elements are able to expand their valence shell and break the octet rule?
Elements in the third row or below on the periodic table
Common examples: phosphorus, sulfur and chlorine
Electron domains:
Hybridization:
Bond angle:
Electron domain geometry:
Non-bonding pairs of electrons:
Molecular geometry:
Electron domains: 2
Hybridization: sp
Bond angle: 180°
Electron domain geometry: linear
Non-bonding pairs of electrons: 0
Molecular geometry: linear
Electron domains:
Hybridization:
Bond angle:
Electron domain geometry:
Non-bonding pairs of electrons:
Molecular geometry:
Electron domains: 3
Hybridization: sp2
Bond angle: 120°
Electron domain geometry: trigonal planar
Non-bonding pairs of electrons: 0
Molecular geometry: trigonal planar
Electron domains:
Hybridization:
Bond angle:
Electron domain geometry:
Non-bonding pairs of electrons:
Molecular geometry:
(only 1 “thing” on top)
Electron domains: 3
Hybridization: sp2
Bond angle: 120°
Electron domain geometry: trigonal planar
Non-bonding pairs of electrons: 1
Molecular geometry: bent
Electron domains:
Hybridization:
Bond angle:
Electron domain geometry:
Non-bonding pairs of electrons:
Molecular geometry:
Electron domains: 4
Hybridization: sp3
Bond angle: 109.5°
Electron domain geometry: tetrahedral
Non-bonding pairs of electrons: 0
Molecular geometry: tetrahedral
Electron domains:
Hybridization:
Bond angle:
Electron domain geometry:
Non-bonding pairs of electrons:
Molecular geometry:
Electron domains: 4
Hybridization: sp3
Bond angle: < 109.5°
Electron domain geometry: tetrahedral
Non-bonding pairs of electrons: 1
Molecular geometry: trigonal pyramidal
Electron domains:
Hybridization:
Bond angle:
Electron domain geometry:
Non-bonding pairs of electrons:
Molecular geometry:
(2 “things” on top)
Electron domains: 4
Hybridization: sp3
Bond angle: < 109.5°
Electron domain geometry: tetrahedral
Non-bonding pairs of electrons: 2
Molecular geometry: bent
Electron domains:
Hybridization:
Bond angle:
Electron domain geometry:
Non-bonding pairs of electrons:
Molecular geometry:
Electron domains: 5
Hybridization: sp3d
Bond angle: 90° and 120°
Electron domain geometry: trigonal bipyramidal
Non-bonding pairs of electrons: 0
Molecular geometry: trigonal bipyramidal
Electron domains:
Hybridization:
Bond angle:
Electron domain geometry:
Non-bonding pairs of electrons:
Molecular geometry:
Electron domains: 5
Hybridization: sp3d
Bond angle: 120°
Electron domain geometry: trigonal bipyramidal
Non-bonding pairs of electrons: 1
Molecular geometry: see-saw
Electron domains:
Hybridization:
Bond angle:
Electron domain geometry:
Non-bonding pairs of electrons:
Molecular geometry:
Electron domains: 5
Hybridization: sp3d
Bond angle: 90°
Electron domain geometry: trigonal bipyramidal
Non-bonding pairs of electrons: 2
Molecular geometry: T-shaped
Electron domains:
Hybridization:
Bond angle:
Electron domain geometry:
Non-bonding pairs of electrons:
Molecular geometry:
(3 “things” on top)
Electron domains: 5
Hybridization: sp3d
Bond angle: 180°
Electron domain geometry: trigonal bipyramidal
Non-bonding pairs of electrons: 3
Molecular geometry: linear
Electron domains:
Hybridization:
Bond angle:
Electron domain geometry:
Non-bonding pairs of electrons:
Molecular geometry:
Electron domains: 6
Hybridization: sp3d2
Bond angle: 90°
Electron domain geometry: octahedral
Non-bonding pairs of electrons: 0
Molecular geometry: octahedral
Electron domains:
Hybridization:
Bond angle:
Electron domain geometry:
Non-bonding pairs of electrons:
Molecular geometry:
Electron domains: 6
Hybridization: sp3d2
Bond angle: 90°
Electron domain geometry: octahedral
Non-bonding pairs of electrons: 1
Molecular geometry: square pyramidal
Electron domains:
Hybridization:
Bond angle:
Electron domain geometry:
Non-bonding pairs of electrons:
Molecular geometry:
Electron domains: 6
Hybridization: sp3d2
Bond angle: 90°
Electron domain geometry: octahedral
Non-bonding pairs of electrons: 2
Molecular geometry: square planar
Principle quantum number
Symbol: n
Possible values: 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. (the row the atom is in)
Characteristic: size
Azimuthal quantum number
Symbol: l
Possible values: s=0, p=1, d=2, f=3
Characteristic: shape
Magnetic quantum number
Symbol: ml
Possible values: -l…0…+l (ex: l=2, ml=-2,-1,0,1,+2)
Characteristic: orientation
Spin quantum number
Symbol: ms
Possible values ±1/2
Characteristic: spin
Which compounds are able to conduct electricity?
Metallic compounds
Ionic compounds (ONLY when placed in a solution of water because they break apart into their constituent ions which allows them to gain the ability to conduct electricity)
what are pure covalent bonds?
pure elements (like N2) are considered pure covalent
