Molecular Geometry and Structure

Question 1

What elements are able to expand their valence shell and break the octet rule?

Answer 1

Elements in the third row or below on the periodic table
Common examples: phosphorus, sulfur and chlorine

Question 2

Electron domains:
Hybridization:
Bond angle:
Electron domain geometry:
Non-bonding pairs of electrons:
Molecular geometry:

Answer 2

Electron domains: 2
Hybridization: sp
Bond angle: 180°
Electron domain geometry: linear
Non-bonding pairs of electrons: 0
Molecular geometry: linear

Question 3

Electron domains:
Hybridization:
Bond angle:
Electron domain geometry:
Non-bonding pairs of electrons:
Molecular geometry:

Answer 3

Electron domains: 3
Hybridization: sp²
Bond angle: 120°
Electron domain geometry: trigonal planar
Non-bonding pairs of electrons: 0
Molecular geometry: trigonal planar

Question 4

Electron domains:
Hybridization:
Bond angle:
Electron domain geometry:
Non-bonding pairs of electrons:
Molecular geometry:
(only 1 “thing” on top)

Answer 4

Electron domains: 3
Hybridization: sp²
Bond angle: 120°
Electron domain geometry: trigonal planar
Non-bonding pairs of electrons: 1
Molecular geometry: bent

Question 5

Electron domains:
Hybridization:
Bond angle:
Electron domain geometry:
Non-bonding pairs of electrons:
Molecular geometry:

Answer 5

Electron domains: 4
Hybridization: sp³
Bond angle: 109.5°
Electron domain geometry: tetrahedral
Non-bonding pairs of electrons: 0
Molecular geometry: tetrahedral

Question 6

Electron domains:
Hybridization:
Bond angle:
Electron domain geometry:
Non-bonding pairs of electrons:
Molecular geometry:

Answer 6

Electron domains: 4
Hybridization: sp³
Bond angle: < 109.5°
Electron domain geometry: tetrahedral
Non-bonding pairs of electrons: 1
Molecular geometry: trigonal pyramidal

Question 7

Electron domains:
Hybridization:
Bond angle:
Electron domain geometry:
Non-bonding pairs of electrons:
Molecular geometry:
(2 “things” on top)

Answer 7

Electron domains: 4
Hybridization: sp³
Bond angle: < 109.5°
Electron domain geometry: tetrahedral
Non-bonding pairs of electrons: 2
Molecular geometry: bent

Question 8

Electron domains:
Hybridization:
Bond angle:
Electron domain geometry:
Non-bonding pairs of electrons:
Molecular geometry:

Answer 8

Electron domains: 5
Hybridization: sp³d
Bond angle: 90° and 120°
Electron domain geometry: trigonal bipyramidal
Non-bonding pairs of electrons: 0
Molecular geometry: trigonal bipyramidal

Question 9

Electron domains:
Hybridization:
Bond angle:
Electron domain geometry:
Non-bonding pairs of electrons:
Molecular geometry:

Answer 9

Electron domains: 5
Hybridization: sp³d
Bond angle: 120°
Electron domain geometry: trigonal bipyramidal
Non-bonding pairs of electrons: 1
Molecular geometry: see-saw

Question 10

Electron domains:
Hybridization:
Bond angle:
Electron domain geometry:
Non-bonding pairs of electrons:
Molecular geometry:

Answer 10

Electron domains: 5
Hybridization: sp³d
Bond angle: 90°
Electron domain geometry: trigonal bipyramidal
Non-bonding pairs of electrons: 2
Molecular geometry: T-shaped

Question 11

Electron domains:
Hybridization:
Bond angle:
Electron domain geometry:
Non-bonding pairs of electrons:
Molecular geometry:
(3 “things” on top)

Answer 11

Electron domains: 5
Hybridization: sp³d
Bond angle: 180°
Electron domain geometry: trigonal bipyramidal
Non-bonding pairs of electrons: 3
Molecular geometry: linear

Question 12

Electron domains:
Hybridization:
Bond angle:
Electron domain geometry:
Non-bonding pairs of electrons:
Molecular geometry:

Answer 12

Electron domains: 6
Hybridization: sp³d²
Bond angle: 90°
Electron domain geometry: octahedral
Non-bonding pairs of electrons: 0
Molecular geometry: octahedral

Question 13

Electron domains:
Hybridization:
Bond angle:
Electron domain geometry:
Non-bonding pairs of electrons:
Molecular geometry:

Answer 13

Electron domains: 6
Hybridization: sp³d²
Bond angle: 90°
Electron domain geometry: octahedral
Non-bonding pairs of electrons: 1
Molecular geometry: square pyramidal

Question 14

Electron domains:
Hybridization:
Bond angle:
Electron domain geometry:
Non-bonding pairs of electrons:
Molecular geometry:

Answer 14

Electron domains: 6
Hybridization: sp³d²
Bond angle: 90°
Electron domain geometry: octahedral
Non-bonding pairs of electrons: 2
Molecular geometry: square planar

Question 15

Principle quantum number

Answer 15

Symbol: n
Possible values: 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. (the row the atom is in)
Characteristic: size

Question 16

Azimuthal quantum number

Answer 16

Symbol: l
Possible values: s=0, p=1, d=2, f=3
Characteristic: shape

Question 17

Magnetic quantum number

Answer 17

Symbol: m_l
Possible values: -l…0…+l (ex: l=2, m_l=-2,-1,0,1,+2)
Characteristic: orientation

Question 18

Spin quantum number

Answer 18

Symbol: m_s
Possible values ±1/2
Characteristic: spin

Question 19

Which compounds are able to conduct electricity?

Answer 19

Metallic compounds
Ionic compounds (ONLY when placed in a solution of water because they break apart into their constituent ions which allows them to gain the ability to conduct electricity)

Question 20

what are pure covalent bonds?

Answer 20

pure elements (like N₂) are considered pure covalent