Molecular Geometry

Question 1

What does VSEPR stand for

Answer 1

Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory

Question 2

What is VSEPR

Answer 2

The electron pairs (both shared and unshared) in the outermost energy level try to get as far apart from each other as possible, this determines the shape of the molecule

Question 3

Linear

Answer 3

2 or 3 atoms connected together in a straight line (180 degrees)
For 3 atoms, the central atom must have no unshared electron pairs

Question 4

Example of linear

Answer 4

H2

CO2

Question 5

Bent

Answer 5

3 atoms
The central atom has 1 or 2 unshared electron pairs and thus are more repulsive to the other atoms
If there are 2 pairs then there is more repulsion
Causes bent shape (approximately 104.5 degrees)

Question 6

Example of bent

Answer 6

H2O

Question 7

Trigonal planar

Answer 7

4 atoms
Central atom has no unshared electrons
About 120 degrees

Question 8

Example of rigonal planar

Answer 8

CH2O

Question 9

Pyramid

Answer 9

4 atoms - but the central atom has an unshared pair

About 107 degrees

Question 10

Pyramid example

Answer 10

NH3

Question 11

Tetrahedral

Answer 11

5 atoms
Central atom has no unshared pairs and has 8 valence electrons
About 109.5 degrees

Question 12

Example of tetrahedral

Answer 12

CH4

Question 13

Trigonal Bipyramidal

Answer 13

6 atoms
No unshared pairs
About 120 degrees

Question 14

Example of trigonal bipyramidal

Answer 14

PF5

Question 15

When can a central atom have an extended octet

Answer 15

Elements in period 3 or higher when bonded with Cl or F

Question 16

Polar bonds

Answer 16

Bonds where the electrons are shared unequally between atoms

Question 17

An atom that is more electronegative will… (for polarity)

Answer 17

Pull on the electrons

Question 18

When atoms are different…. (for polarity)

Answer 18

Each has a different pull on the electrons

So, a bond of the same elements will always be covalent and non-polar because have the same electronegativity

Question 19

How to do polarity

Answer 19

The atom that is more electronegative will be the one where the electrons spend most of their time (make a half eight sign thing with a minus for most electronegative one)

Question 20

Non-polar bonds

Answer 20

Electrons are shared equallty between 2 atoms

Question 21

Atoms that are the same…

Answer 21

Have the same electronegativity and thus are the same and are not polar

Question 22

What about a central atom surrounded by atoms that are all the same?

Answer 22

It is non-polar except for when there is an unshared pair of electrons on the central atom or there is a double bond on only one of the bonds

Question 23

What about different atoms around a central atom?

Answer 23

Will be polar

Question 24

A _____ covalent bond consists of 2 shared electrons

Answer 24

Single

Question 25

Ionic bonding

Answer 25

Gaining/losing electrons

Metal and nonmetal

Question 26

Covalent bonding

Answer 26

Sharing electrons

Two nonmetals

Question 27

Ionic compounds are made up of ______, which are very large structures consisting of alternating + and - ions

Answer 27

Crystals

Question 28

When nitrogen bonds covalently it will make ____ bonds

Answer 28

3 (because 5 valence electrons)

Question 29

Ionic compounds will conduct an electric current in the _____ state

Answer 29

Solid

Question 30

Metals are ______, which means they can be hammered into different shapes

Answer 30

Malleable

Question 31

What is the only element in group 1 to bond covalently?

Answer 31

Hydrogen

Question 32

A double covalent bond has ____ shared electrons

Answer 32

4

Question 33

In a ____ covalent bond, electrons are shared unequally

Answer 33

Polar