Molecular Genetics Flashcards

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1
Q

pathenogenesis

A

Form of asexual reproduction; development

occurs without fertilization

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2
Q

corpus allatum

A

Endocrine gland found in insects, plays an

important role in metamorphosis. Surgical removal is termed an allatectomy

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3
Q

nulliparous

A

Female that has not produced offspring

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4
Q

termite sociality

A
  • eusocial

- live in colonies

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5
Q

members of termite colonies

A
  • King (reproductive male)
  • Queen (lays eggs; fed/supported by members of colony)
  • Secondary queen & Tertiary queen (also capable of reproduction; live in satellite nests)
  • Soldiers (defend colony)
  • Workers (forage for food)
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6
Q

genetic basis/proximate causes for termite social structure

A
  • When queen dies, workers fight each other until one of them becomes the queen
  • Researchers think a chemical signal from the queen placates workers until she dies -> once she’s gone, they become aggressive
  • Gene neofem 2 may be involved in queen-worker communication in termites
  • Researchers silenced this gene, and it created aggressive workers (as if queen wasn’t there)
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7
Q

mating behaviour of ruff birds

A
  • Independent males have dark feathers; satellite males have white feathers
  • Majority are independent, few are satellite
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8
Q

honeybee hive worker vs. forager

A
  • Hive worker (young bees): clean hive, feed larvae, make wax, process honey, guard hive, fan hive (thermoregulation)
  • Forager: leave the nest searching for pollen and nectar, return with what they find
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9
Q

how does the shift from hive worker to forager occur?

A
  • associated with increase in levels of juvenile hormone III (JH III), produced by corpus allatum gland
  • If gland removed, no transition from worker to forager
  • Per/Period gene may also play a role in transition
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10
Q

oldfield mice: good fathering study

A
  • oldfied mice are monogamous – all offspring from one litter are from only 1 father (vs. Deerfield mice, which can have pups fathered by multiple mice in 1 litter)
  • Fathers of Oldfield mice are better parents than Deerfield mice
  • In a cross-fostering study, this was shown to be hardwired genetically -> even Deerfield pups who had seen good parental behaviours modeled by Oldfield dads were still not great fathers
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11
Q

oldfield mice: natal group and parenting skills study

A
  • Does remaining in the natal group and helping raise offspring affect subsequent parental success? (Ie. Do pups who stay with mom to help raise the next litter become better parents?)
  • Group 1: inexperienced females: removed from nest at 21 days old
  • Group 2: experiences females: remained in the nest, after which the pregnant mother gave birth to a second litter
  • Results: experienced females built nests earlier and had higher-quality nests; increased survival rate for offspring of experienced mothers
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