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Biology > Molecular Genetics > Flashcards

Molecular Genetics Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Chromosome

A

Large collection of DNA in a x shape, ends covered with a protective telomere

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2
Q

Neucleotide

A

Made up of one sugar, one phosphate, and one nitrogenous base. One “unit” of DNA

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3
Q

Nucleic Acid

A

A type of macromolecule that makes up DNA & RNA

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4
Q

Nitrogenous Base

A

The bases that make up base pairs, Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine, and Uracil.

Adenine = Thymine/Uracil (two bonds)

Guanine = Cytosine (three bonds)

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5
Q

Codon

A

Group of three nitrogenous bases in mRNA

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6
Q

Anticodon

A

Three nitrogenous bases in tRNA that pair to a codon

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7
Q

What are the two types of mutation?

A

Point and Frameshift

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8
Q

What is point mutation?

A

When one base is swapped for another

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9
Q

What is frameshift mutation?

A

When a base is added or removed

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10
Q

What is a silent mutation?

A

A mutation that does not affect the final protein created.

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11
Q

Amino Acid

A

Building block of a protien

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12
Q

Protein

A

Chain of A.A., encodes information. Same as polypeptide chain.

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13
Q

Where does DNA Replication occur?

A

Nucleus

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14
Q

Where does transcription occur?

A

Nucleus

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15
Q

Where does Translation occur?

A

Ribosome/Cytoplasm

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16
Q

What goes into and comes out of DNA Replication?

A

One DNA strand goes in, two come out

17
Q

Summarize DNA Replication

A

1.Helicase breaks hydrogen bonds
2. DNA polymerase attaches nucleotides to existing DNA strand (goes 5’ to 3’)

18
Q

Summarize Trascription

A
  1. RNA polymerase connects to DNA
  2. Copy is created, called mRNA
  3. Copy is released from DNA
19
Q

What are Introns?

A

The parts of mRNA that are cut out

20
Q

What are exons?

A

The coding parts of mRNA

21
Q

What is the in between step?

A

RNA Processing:
- 5’ cap is added
- Poly-A Tail is added to 3’ side
- Splicing, Introns are removed

22
Q

Summarize Traslation

A
  1. mRNA attaches to rRNA in ribosome
  2. rRNA reads codons on mRNA
  3. tRNA is attached to mRNA based on the codon read
  4. When stop codon is found, protein is released

Biology (4 decks)

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