Molecular control of cell cycle Flashcards

1
Q

what is cell growth

A

increase in cell number=proliferatio

and increased in cell size/mass/volume

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2
Q

What is the quiescent phase and why enter it

A

Go a) to differentiate

b) not enough nutrients so become stationary but still have proliferative potential

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3
Q

What are the stages of resuming the cell cycle

A

Competancy
re-entry
progression

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4
Q

What are competance factors

A

PDGF FGF ( platelet and fibroblast dervided), stimulate the cell to resume the cell cycle.

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5
Q

What maintains G0

A

TNFb

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6
Q

What is the restriction point

A

when the cell is commited to reentering the cell cycle

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7
Q

Name immediate early genes and stte their function

A

c-jun c-fos c-myc
transcription factors needed for normal cell cycle transit
activate delayed response genes, promote cell cycle progession

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8
Q

What does CDk1 activity depend on

A

Assocition with cyclin- b
phosphorylated state- inhibitory phosphorylation of tyrosines must be removed by phosphatase
activity of the cyclin dependant kinase inhibitors

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9
Q

What is the ultimate regulation

A

Proteolysis- removal of proteins by ubiquiatination, ubitquitin binds to a substrate, need 4 to mark it for removal

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10
Q

What are oncogenes

A

Promotors of tumour formation by positive regulation of cell cycle encoded by genes required for normal cell cycle progression.

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11
Q

The GF’s become what in the viral version

A

V-fos V-jun V-myc

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12
Q

What part of the growth signalling cascade can oncogenes become

A

Grwoth factors
receptors
intracelllular signalling molecules
transcription factors

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13
Q

What are tumour supressors

A

Negative regulators of the cell cycle, prevent progression

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14
Q

What tumour supressor genes are mutated in cancers

A

pRB in nearly all

p53 absent or inactivated in 50% of tumours, does not do anything unless there is a fault

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