molecular chemistry Flashcards
what is a chemical bond
the test attractive electrostatic force that 2 atoms exert on each other by sharing or transferring electrons
What are valence electrons
The number of electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom.
They are easily removed and participate in bonding.
What are core electrons
The electrons in the inner energy levels of an atom. The are not easily removed and do not participate in bonding
What is the octet rule
In order for an atom to achieve stability, it must be surrounded by 8 valance electrons
What is valency
The number of electrons an atom loses or gains in order to achieve an octet or noble gas configuration
What is the purpose of bonding
To achieve an octet
To achieve stability
To achieve noble gas configuration
what is an ion
an atom that has lost or gained electrons
what is an cation
metals that lost electrons
protons > electrons
positive charge
what is an anion
non metal that gained electrons
electrons > protons
negative charge
what is a covalent bond
bond that forms when electrons are shared between atoms to gain noble gas configuration
between non metals
what is a molecule
a compound with a covalent bond
what is electronegativity
the strength with which an atom attracts a shared pair of electrons in a molecule
list and explain the 2 types of covalent bonds
1)pure/ polar- electron pair is shared equally between atoms
all diatomics
EN=0
2)non polar bond- electron pair not shored equally
EN between 0 and 2,1
list and explain 2 types of molecules
1) non polar- without charged ends
all non- polar bonds (diatomics)
polar bond with symmetry
2)polar/ dipole- charged ends, overall charge is still 0
polar bond with no symmetry
what is a dative covalent bond and its features?
covalent bond where both electrons in bond come from the same atom
-lone pair present
