Molecular Bonding Flashcards
why are noble gases unreactive
atoms of nobles gases have completely full outer shells and are stable (when outermost shells has 8 electrons) this makes the noble gases very unreactive so they do not form bonds
why do atoms of other elements form bonds
they are unstable as they have incomplete outershell electrons
what happens when atoms form bonds
the atoms of these elements are able to have filled outershells and become stable
what is a covalent bond
sharing of electrons between two non metals
what is an ionic bond
chemical bond formed between a metal and non metal that involves donating an electron from one atom to another forming ions.
how are the ions held together in an ionic bond
by electrostatic attraction
what is a condensation reaction
occurs when two molecules are joined together with the removal of water
what is a hydrolysis reaction
occurs when a molecule is split into two smaller molecules with the addition of water
how do most condensation reactions happen
in the same way (when two -OH groups react together). the reaction involves the breaking and formation of covalent bonds
what are condensation and hydrolysis reactions responsible for
linking and splitting apart biological molecules in living things
what is a monomer
a small molecule which binds to many other identical molecules to form a polymer
what is a polymer
when lots of monomers join together
what do all biological molecules contain
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
what are carbohydrates usually made up of
C, H and O usually in the ratio Cx(H2O)x
what is the monomer for carbohydrates
monosaccharides
