Molecular Biology of the Gene

Question 1

antiparallel strands

Answer 1

sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate sequence forms the back bone of the strands; these strands are antiparallel

Question 2

DNA helix

Answer 2

framework in a ladder; rungs are base pairings

Question 3

Base pairing rule

Answer 3

AT/GC

Question 4

complementary strands

Answer 4

have the corresponding base pairs on each strand

Question 5

origin of replication

Answer 5

Two seperate strands act as templates for the synthesis of two new complimentary strands

Question 6

replication fork

Answer 6

X part in the helix

Question 7

DNA replication

Answer 7

the process in which a DNA duplicates itself

Question 8

replication bubble

Answer 8

the space between X crossing

Question 9

RNA polymerase

Answer 9

produces complimentary mRNA strand

Question 10

mRNA

Answer 10

complimentary to DNA strand; Uracil replaces Thymine

Question 11

RNA transcription

Answer 11

Promoters and terminators; one strand is used as the template

Question 12

tRNA

Answer 12

about 80 nucleotides; hydrogen bonded regions and loops with unpaired nucleotides; amino acid is attached on 3’ end; anticodon siteof three nucleotides

Question 13

rRNA

Answer 13

ribosome

Question 14

Promoter

Answer 14

mRNA strand

Question 15

Terminator

Answer 15

mRNA strand

Question 16

mRNA binding site

Answer 16

in the small subunit in the ribosome

Question 17

initiation codon

Answer 17

exposed when mRNA binds to the small subunit, during the initiation of polypeptide synthesis

Question 18

peptidyl site

Answer 18

located in the rRNA where the polypeptide binds to the ribosome

Question 19

stop codon

Answer 19

not recognizable by tRNA, release factors bind to stop codon to release the completed polypeptide

Question 20

exit site

Answer 20

where the finished polypeptide exits the ribosome

Question 21

translation

Answer 21

is the process in which the nucleotide language of the mRNA is read into the amino acid language of a protein

Question 22

aminoacyl site

Answer 22

the tRNA w/ its attached amino acid

Question 23

anticodon

Answer 23

codes for a codon; at the bottom loop of tRNA

Question 24

release factor

Answer 24

attached to the stop codon to release the completed polypeptide and seperate the ribosomal subunits.

Question 25

post-transitional import

Answer 25

some are translated in the cytosol and later transported to the ER/plasma membrane by a post-translational system