Molecular Biology of the Gene Flashcards
antiparallel strands
sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate sequence forms the back bone of the strands; these strands are antiparallel
DNA helix
framework in a ladder; rungs are base pairings
Base pairing rule
AT/GC
complementary strands
have the corresponding base pairs on each strand
origin of replication
Two seperate strands act as templates for the synthesis of two new complimentary strands
replication fork
X part in the helix
DNA replication
the process in which a DNA duplicates itself
replication bubble
the space between X crossing
RNA polymerase
produces complimentary mRNA strand
mRNA
complimentary to DNA strand; Uracil replaces Thymine
RNA transcription
Promoters and terminators; one strand is used as the template
tRNA
about 80 nucleotides; hydrogen bonded regions and loops with unpaired nucleotides; amino acid is attached on 3’ end; anticodon siteof three nucleotides
rRNA
ribosome
Promoter
mRNA strand
Terminator
mRNA strand
mRNA binding site
in the small subunit in the ribosome
initiation codon
exposed when mRNA binds to the small subunit, during the initiation of polypeptide synthesis
peptidyl site
located in the rRNA where the polypeptide binds to the ribosome
stop codon
not recognizable by tRNA, release factors bind to stop codon to release the completed polypeptide
exit site
where the finished polypeptide exits the ribosome
translation
is the process in which the nucleotide language of the mRNA is read into the amino acid language of a protein
aminoacyl site
the tRNA w/ its attached amino acid
anticodon
codes for a codon; at the bottom loop of tRNA
release factor
attached to the stop codon to release the completed polypeptide and seperate the ribosomal subunits.
post-transitional import
some are translated in the cytosol and later transported to the ER/plasma membrane by a post-translational system
