Enzyme Biochemistry Flashcards
endergonic reactions
Absorbs energy and yield products rich in potential energy; photosynthesis; using energy to form organic compounds
ATP
energy-rich small molecule for cellular reactions; composed of one adenine; one ribose; and three phosphates; bonds can be easily broken down by hyrolysis
exergonic reaction
Releases energy & yield products with less potential energy; cellular respiration; burning
phosphorylation
occurs right after hydrolysis; couples the energy from ATP hydroysis to a reactant by transferring the phosphate group to it
passive transport
does not expend energy; occurs along concentration gradient
transport protein
facilitate passive diffusion
active transport
moves a solute across a membrane against its concentration gradient; need transport proteins and ATP
plasmolysis
contraction of the protoplast of a plant cell as a result of loss of water from the cell
enzyme
a protein molecule that functions as biological catalyst; used to speed up reactions by lowering energy barrier
inhibitor
chemicals selectively inhibiting the action of specific enzymes; competitive and non competitive
coenzyme
organic factors (vitamins)
active site
A spot on an enzyme where a substrate binds to the enzyme
cofactors
inorganic factors (ions of Zn, K, Cu)
substrate
something that binds with an enzyme at the active site; (ex. sucrose)
The synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate…
involves the hyrdrolysis of a phosphate bond
