Molecular biology of the cell - useful gems?

Question 1

Briefly describe THREE different methods for visualising biological structures using fluorescence.

Answer 1

1) Inherently fluorescent molecules that specifically bind to particular structures (NADH, tryptophan, endogenous chlorophyll, phycoethryn)

2) Antibodies, raised against a biological molecule, coupled (maybe indirectly via secondary antibodies) to a fluorescent molecule - GFP-antibody-secondary antibody-protein target

3) Genetically encoded tags such as GFP (through modifying protein sequence with CRISPR)

Question 2

plasmids are vectors for expression in bacteria, what about mammalian cells?

Answer 2

VIRAL vectors for expression in mammalian cells