Molecular Biology Flashcards
How many amino acids do proteins contain?
20
How many types of nucleotides do RNA and DNA contain?
4
What are the requirements for genetic material?
- Be able to store genetic information
- Be stable and able to be replicated accurately during cell division and passed on from generation to generation
- Able to mutate to provide genetic variability
How many base pairs does an average each human chromosome contain?
140 million base pairs
In each species there is equal amounts of?
A and T
G and C
How is DNA stored?
Complementary base pairing is used to store genetic information
What are Chargaff’s rules?
-The amounts of A, T, G and C in DNA:
- are constant among members of the same species
- Vary from species to species
What is the possible number of nucleotide sequences?
4^140,000,000
Who studied the structure of DNA using X-rays?
Rosalind Franklin
What did Rosalind Franklin discover?
- If a concentrated, viscous solution of DNA is made, it can be separated into fibers
- Under right conditions, the fibers produce and X-ray diffraction pattern
What evidence was provided through Rosalind’s x-ray photographs?
- That DNA is a helix
- Some portion of the helix is repeated
What year did Watson and Crick make a modal of DNA?
1953
Describe the double helix model.
- Similar to a twisted model
- Sugar-phosphate backbones make up the sides
- Hydrogen-bonded bases make up the rungs
- The two DNA strands are anti-parallel
In what way must the information stored in DNA be read?
In the 5 prime to 3 prime direction so DNA is replicated in a 5 prime and 3 prime direction
What does complementary base pairing mean?
-That purine is always bonded to a pyrimidine (A with T, G with C)
