molecular biology Flashcards
What is the basic unit of life?
The cell.
True or False: DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid.
True.
Fill in the blank: The process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template is called __________.
transcription.
What are the four nucleotide bases in DNA?
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine.
Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?
Helicase.
What is the primary function of ribosomes in a cell?
Protein synthesis.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a type of RNA? A) mRNA B) dRNA C) tRNA D) Both A and C
D) Both A and C.
What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) during translation?
To bring amino acids to the ribosome.
True or False: Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.
True.
What process involves the conversion of mRNA into a protein?
Translation.
Fill in the blank: A sequence of three nucleotides that codes for an amino acid is called a __________.
codon.
What kind of bond holds the two strands of DNA together?
Hydrogen bonds.
What is the function of DNA polymerase?
To synthesize new DNA strands during replication.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a part of the central dogma of molecular biology? A) Replication B) Transcription C) Translation D) Mutation
D) Mutation.
What type of mutation involves the substitution of one nucleotide for another?
Point mutation.
True or False: All mutations are harmful.
False.
What is the function of messenger RNA (mRNA)?
To carry genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.
Fill in the blank: The site of protein synthesis in the cell is called the __________.
ribosome.
What is the role of the promoter in gene expression?
To initiate transcription.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a type of genetic engineering technique? A) CRISPR B) PCR C) Gel electrophoresis D) All of the above
D) All of the above.
What is the function of introns in eukaryotic genes?
Non-coding sequences that are removed during RNA processing.
True or False: The genetic code is universal.
True.
What is a plasmid?
A small, circular piece of DNA found in bacteria.
Fill in the blank: The end product of transcription is __________.
RNA.
What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis?
To separate DNA fragments based on size.
What does the term ‘genome’ refer to?
The complete set of an organism’s genetic material.
