cell cycle and cell division Flashcards
What is the cell cycle?
The cell cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication.
True or False: The cell cycle consists of four main phases.
True
What are the phases of the cell cycle?
G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase, and M phase.
What does the āSā in S phase stand for?
Synthesis
Fill in the blank: The __________ phase is where the cell grows and prepares for DNA replication.
G1
What occurs during the G2 phase?
The cell continues to grow and prepares for mitosis.
What is mitosis?
Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells.
True or False: Cytokinesis is part of mitosis.
False
What are the stages of mitosis?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.
What happens during prophase?
Chromatin condenses into chromosomes, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and spindle fibers form.
Multiple Choice: Which phase follows metaphase in mitosis? A) Prophase B) Anaphase C) Telophase
B) Anaphase
What is the role of spindle fibers during mitosis?
Spindle fibers help to separate the chromosomes and pull them to opposite poles of the cell.
Fill in the blank: During __________, the chromosomes are pulled apart to the opposite sides of the cell.
Anaphase
What occurs during telophase?
The chromosomes de-condense, the nuclear envelope re-forms, and the cell prepares for cytokinesis.
What is cytokinesis?
Cytokinesis is the process that divides the cytoplasm of a parental cell into two daughter cells.
True or False: In plant cells, cytokinesis occurs through the formation of a cell plate.
True
What is the function of checkpoints in the cell cycle?
Checkpoints monitor and regulate the progress of the cell cycle to ensure proper division.
Fill in the blank: The __________ checkpoint checks for DNA damage before the cell enters mitosis.
G2
What can happen if a cell fails a checkpoint?
The cell may undergo apoptosis or become cancerous.
What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells, while meiosis results in four genetically diverse gametes.
True or False: Meiosis includes two rounds of cell division.
True
What is the purpose of meiosis?
To produce gametes for sexual reproduction.
What is crossing over and when does it occur?
Crossing over is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes that occurs during prophase I of meiosis.
Multiple Choice: Which phase of meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half? A) Meiosis I B) Meiosis II
A) Meiosis I
What are homologous chromosomes?
Chromosomes that are similar in shape, size, and genetic content, one inherited from each parent.
Fill in the blank: The __________ phase of meiosis is where sister chromatids are separated.
Meiosis II
