Molecular Bio. (2)

Question 1

the theory of vitalism

Answer 1

it was thought at one point that living and non living things were made of different materials. living organisms were thought to be made of organic chemicals that could only be produced from a vital force.

Question 2

synthesis of urea

Answer 2

according to vitalism, urine could only be made in a living organism bc it was an organic compound, the vital force being the human. in 1828 friedrich wohler created urine artificially.

Question 3

metabolism

Answer 3

a web of all enzyme catalyzed reactions in a cell

Question 4

anabolism

Answer 4

synthesis of complex from simpler molecules

Question 5

catabolism

Answer 5

the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones

Question 6

Polarity

Answer 6

when an atom has a slight negative charge while the other has a slight positive

Question 7

thermal properties

Answer 7

water has a higher level of everything because of its hydrogen bonds, whereas methane has lower levels of everything because it doesn’t have hydrogen bonds

Question 8

hydrophilic

Answer 8

when a substance is attracted to water

Question 9

hydrophobic

Answer 9

is repelled by water

Question 10

properties of water

Answer 10

cohesive, adhesive, thermal, solvent

Question 11

condensation reactions

Answer 11

when two molecules are joined together to form a larger molecule + a molecule of water

Question 12

hydrolysis reactions

Answer 12

a large molecule is broken down into smaller molecules and it uses water

Question 13

monosaccharides

Answer 13

sugars. examples are ribose and glucose

Question 14

disaccharides

Answer 14

a pair of monosaccharides.
glucose + glucose = maltose
glucose + galacose = lactose
glucose + fructose = sucrose

Question 15

polySACCHARIDES

Answer 15

pg.20?

Question 16

lipids

Answer 16

carbon compounds which are hydrophobic. have 2/3 hydrocarbon chains. examples are triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids.

Question 17

energy storage

Answer 17

lipids and carbohydrates
lipids are used for long term energy storage bc the amount of energy released/stored is double

Question 18

what is body mass index used for

Answer 18

used to asses if a persons body mass is at a healthy level (flawed bc athletes whos fat is muscle isnt taken into consideration)

Question 19

body mass index

Answer 19

below 18.5 - underweight
18.5-24.9 - normal weight
25.0-29.9 - overweight
30.0+ - obese

Question 20

too much trans fats consumtion

Answer 20

can lead to coronary heart disease. same with sat. fatty acids, except its not certain bc ppl in kenya consume large amounts of it but dont have CHD

Question 21

polypeptide and proteins

Answer 21

a polypeptide is an chain of amino acids. chains of fewer than 40 amino acids are peptides. a protein is made of a single polypeptide

Question 22

proteome

Answer 22

a proteome is all of the proteins produced by a cell. everyones proteome is unique

Question 23

functions of proteins

Answer 23

1. rubisco - enzyme
2. insulin - hormone
   3.immunoglobulins - antibodies
3. rhodopsin - pigment
4. collagen - structural
5. spider silk - structual

Question 24

enzymes

Answer 24

enzymes have an active site where the substrate binds. the active site is in a specific shape for the substrate. its called an induced fit. the active site can change its shape even more to bind the substance. it can also break the substance down.

Question 25

immobilized enzymes

Answer 25

???

Question 26

factors affecting enzyme activity

Answer 26

temperature, PH and substrate condition.

Question 27

semi-conservative replication

Answer 27

when the dna replicates, its half and half

Question 28

meselson and stahl

Answer 28

discovered that DNA is semi conservative.
“took e coli in strong nitrogen N15, and took e coli in reg, nitrogen n14 mixed them together and the dna came out half and half”

Question 29

transcription and translation

Answer 29

??

Question 30

production of human insulin in bacteria

Answer 30

a protein that contains 51 amino acids. treats diabetes.