MOLECULAR BASIS OF GENETICS- (1) Flashcards
It is the science devoted to the study of the underlying basis of heredity and
variation.
Genetics
DNA
Macromolecules that contain genes which encodes the amino acid sequence of proteins.
Unit of heredity
Genes
This dogma serves as the pillar of molecular biology and is represented by three major stages.
Central Dogma
Three Major Stages in Central Dogma
DNA Replication
Transcription
Translation
Also called as DNA synthesis
DNA REPLICATION
DNA Replication occurs at the
Nucleus for Eukaryotes
The replication of the DNA produces two identical molecules, which ensures that the genetic information is transmitted to daughter cells faithfully
DNA replication
The genetic information in the DNA is copied into mRNA. The sequence of the mRNA bases is the same as that of the DNA
Transcription
The genetic code in the mRNA directs the sequence of amino acids in the protein.
Translation
is a 5-carbon sugar that forms a ring
Ribose
The sugar found in DNA has no oxygen at
C2- carbon 2
heterocyclic bases or also called
nitrogenous bases
Two fused rings
Adenine and Guanine
Purine
6-sided single rings
Thymine and Cytosine
Pyrimidine
A nucleotide
Phosphate, Sugar and Base
formed when one of the bases is bonded to a sugar molecule.
Nucleoside
The single unit of nucleic acids is a
Nucleotide
When adenosine in DNA combines with one phosphate, it is called
deoxy-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)
The 5’-end is also called the
PO4 end
3’-end is also called the
OH-end
is a relatively short single-stranded nucleic acid chain.
oligonucleotide
a single-stranded polymer of several nucleotide units
polynucleotide
How many hydrogen bonds formed?
In A-T and A-U
2 hydrogen bonds
How many hydrogen bonds formed?
In G-C
3 hydrogen bonds
The complementary strands are oriented at opposite directions, described as
Anti-parallelism