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CYTOGEN (PRELIMS) > CELL DIVISION > Flashcards

CELL DIVISION Flashcards

1
Q

It is the process by which a single cell divides into two or more daughter cells.

A

Cell Division

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2
Q

Also important in the repair and regeneration of damaged or lost cells.

A

Cell Division

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3
Q

Unicellular organisms

A

Prokaryotes

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4
Q

A process by which prokaryotic cells divide

A

Binary fission

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5
Q

Cell division results in two daughter cells having the same
number and kind of chromosomes as the parent cell

A

Eukaryotes

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6
Q

Cell division results in two daughter cells having the same
number and kind of chromosomes as the parent cell.

A

Mitosis

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7
Q

Cell division that results in four daughter cells

A

Meiosis

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8
Q

Each daughter cell is genetically identical to the parent cell ___________ .
Each daughter cell is NOT genetically identical to the parent cell_____.

A

Mitosis
Meiosis

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9
Q

Interphase is the longest stage of the cell cycle and is divided into three
phases: G1, S, and G2.

A

INTERPHASE

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10
Q

resting phase (for cells that don’t divide such as nerve cells)

A

G0 Phase

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11
Q

cell increases in size, cell growth, all organelles and proteins are
produced here

A

G1 Phase

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12
Q

replication of DNA

A

S Phase

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13
Q

organelles double, new cytoplasm forms, all other structures
needed for mitosis (checking if the cell is ready to divide)

A

G2 Phase

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14
Q

FOUR STEPS OF MITOSIS

A

PMAT (Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase & Telophase)

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15
Q

→ Chromatids condense becoming
chromosomes.
→ Centrioles separate and start moving to
opposite ends of the cell
→ Spindle begins to form

A

EARLY PROPHASE

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16
Q

→centrioles have moved to the opposite
lanes
→ sister chromatids are formed with a
centromere
→ spindle is completely formed
→ nuclear membrane and nucleolus
disappear

A

LATE PROPHASE

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17
Q

The chromosomes are aligned in the middle
-centrioles move at polar ends and projects
spindle fibers to connect each chromosome

A

METAPHASE

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18
Q

→ the paired chromosome separates and move to
the opposite pole
→ the spindle apparatus shortens and chromatids
are pulled apart

A

ANAPHASE

19
Q

→ the shortest process in the cell cycle
→ separates the sister chromatids

A

ANAPHASE

20
Q

→ spindle fiber disappears
→ chromosomes arrive at the opposite end of the
cell and begin to relax
→ centrioles are replicated
→ nuclear membrane reform and nucleoli reappear

A

TELOPHASE

21
Q

→ occurs at the end of mitosis
→ daughter cells are genetically identical
→ cells turn into interphase

A

CYTOKINESIS

22
Q

decides whether or not the cell will divide

A

G1 Checkpoint

23
Q

Determines if DNA has been properly replicated

A

G2/M checkpoint

24
Q

Ensures chromosomes are attached to the spindle
fibers and are aligned at the mitotic plate

A

Mitotic Spindle Checkpoint

25
Q

❖ INTERNAL FACTORS AFFECT THE CELL CLOCK

A

-Protein Kinases (CDK)
-Cyclins
-cdk-cyclin complex

26
Q

EXTERNAL FACTORS AFFECT THE CELL CLOCK

A

-Hormones
-Growth Factors

27
Q

Lose 50-200 endmost bases after each cell
division

A

TELOMERES

28
Q

a form of programmed cell death that is essential for normal development and functioning of multicellular organisms

A

APOPTOSIS

29
Q

are crucial mediators of apoptosis

A

CASPASES

30
Q

Do not have the capacity of self-renewal

A

Progenitor Cells

31
Q

STEM CELL TYPE

A

-Embryonic Stem Cell
-Induced pluripotent stem cell
- “adult” stem cell

32
Q

crossing over or overlapping in chiasma

A

Synapsis

33
Q

point/location/site where crossing over or overlapping happens

A

Chiasma

34
Q

Product of crossing over

A

Recombinant chromatids

35
Q

SUBSTAGES OF PROPHASE I

A

Substages: leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene and diakinesis

36
Q

Independent assortment can lead to

A

four random combinations

37
Q

Produces 2 non-identical daughter cells

A

TELOPHASE I (MEIOSIS)

38
Q

is the process of production of haploid sex celL

A

GAMETOGENESIS

39
Q

Production of spermatozoa is called

A

Spermatogenesis

40
Q

Process of production of the ovum

A

oogenesis

41
Q

process of producing sperm cells in the male reproductive organs (testes) through a sequence of cell divisions (spermatocytogenesis) and a
metamorphic change (spermiogenesis) to produce spermatozoa.

A

Spermatogenesis

42
Q

the process of meiosis in female organisms from an oogonium to a primary oocyte and from a primary oocyte to a secondary oocyte and then to
the ovum

A

oogenesis

43
Q
A

CYTOGEN (PRELIMS) (3 decks)

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