Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

KCUMB Review > Molecular > Flashcards

Molecular Flashcards

1
Q

Function of restriction endonuclease?

A

Cleaves DNA at specific sites to isolate from bacteria and insert into plasmids; i.e. analyze DNA

HaeIII, EcoRI, HindIII

Involved in creating DNA libraries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Agarose gel; DNA or RNA?

A

DNA

Involved in creating DNA libraries

Agarose gel is not charged (bc DNA is) and run DNA through gel

Diff than SDS-PAGE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Function of reverse transcriptase in clones?

A

Makes cDNA

No introns

Take mRNA and make cDNA with RTase.

Degrade RNA (primer) and make second cDNA via DNA polyermase = ds cDNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Genomic DNA library vs. cDNA library

A

Genomic - restriction nuclease = DNA fragments

cDNA - RNA splicing, RTase & DNA polymerase = DNA cloning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which of the following are utilized with PCR when analyzing different genomes?

a. Short tandem repeats
b. Medium tandem repeats
c. Long tandem repeats
d. Extra long tandem repeats

A

a. Short tandem repeats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which of the following is utilized in analyzing proteins using SDS-PAGE?

a. Agarose gel
b. Beta-mercaptoethanol
c. Water
d. None of the above

A

b. beta-mercaptoethanol

Reduces disulfides bonds to further denature protein

SDS contains a (-) charge & hydrophobic and gives uniform charge allowing proteins to travel in the presence of current

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which of the following signaling molecules require cell-surface receptors?

a. Lipophilic
b. Hydrophobic
c. Hydrophilic
d. Lipophobic

A

c. Hydrophilic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which of the following signaling molecules can diffuse across the cytoplasmic membrane and bind to intracellular receptors?

a. Lipophilic
b. Hydrophobic
c. Hydrophilic
d. Lipophobic

A

b. Hydrophobic; bind RTK, GPCRs

ligands/signal ex: cortisol, estradiol, testosterone, RA, thyroxine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which of the following protein is flexible, the most dynamic and least stable and thinnest filament?

a. Actin filaments
b. Intermediate filaments
c. Microtubules
d. None of the above

A

a. Actin filaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which of the following predominates in treadmilling?

a. Actin filaments
b. Intermediate filaments
c. Microtubules
d. None of the above

A

a. Actin filaments; (+) end is faster than the (-) end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which of the following predominates in dynamic instability?

a. Actin filaments
b. Intermediate filaments
c. Microtubules
d. None of the above

A

c. Microtubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which of the following contains no nucleotide binding site and structural polarity?

a. Actin filaments
b. Intermediate filaments
c. Microtubules
d. None of the above

A

b. Intermediate filaments; tetramer of two coiled-coil dimers = protofilament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which of the following make up desmosomes (cell-cell contacts) and hemodesmosomes (cell-matrix contacts)?

a. Fimbrin
b. Profilin
c. Filamin
d. Keratins
e. Formins

A

d. Keratins of intermediate filaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which accessory protein for actin filaments nucleates assembly to form a web and remains associated with the minus end?

a. Formin
b. Profilin
c. ARP complex
d. Thymosin
e. Tropomyosin

A

c. ARP complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which of the following accessory protein for microtubule filaments nucleates assembly and remains associated with the minus end?

a. Kinesin 13
b. Gamma-TuRC
c. MAPs
d. Tau

A

b. Gamma-TuRC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which group of accessory proteins for microtubule filaments are involved with filament bundling and cross-linking?

a. Tau, MAP-2, MAPs
b. Gamma-TuRC, Kinesin 13
c. Tau, Gamma-TuRC
d. MAPs only

A

a. Tau, MAP-2, MAPs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which of the following are the two main tight junction proteins?

a. Keratin and Claudin
b. Keratin and Occludin
c. Claudin and Occludin
d. Claudin and Fimbrin

A

c. Claudin and Occludin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which of the following are the main components of the basal lamina?

a. Nidogen and periecan
b. Integrin and nidogen
c. Laminin and type IV collagen
d. Laminin and Integrin
e. Lamiin and nidogen

A

Laminin and Type IV collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which of the following are sites that the extracellular matrix, integrins, and the cell cytoskeleton interact?

a. Focal contacts/adhesions
b. Nascent adhesions
c. Fibrillar adhesions
d. Cytoskeleton filaments

A

a. Focal contacts/adhesions

Focal adhesion kinases provide docking site for Src-family kinases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where are the majority of proteoglycans locate?

a. Bone
b. Muscle
c. Connective tissue
d. Skin
e. Major organs

A

c. Connective tissue; creates hydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which of the following is the most abundant in the body?

a. Collagen
b. Proteoglycans
c. Globulins
d. Albumin

A

a. Collagen; proline, lysine

22
Q

What protein is involved in mitochondria fission?

a. Albumin
b. Fibrinogen
c. Globulin
d. Dynamin-1
e. Collagen

A

d. Dynamin-1

23
Q

T/F; Fusion of inner membrane requires more energy (GTP) than fusion of outer membrane

A

True

24
Q

List the 4 types of SCs

A
  1. Fetal SC
  2. Embryonic SCs
  3. iPS cells
  4. Adult SCs/Tissue-specific SCs
25
Q

ES cells and RA

A
  1. Adipocyte
  2. Neuron
  3. Smooth muscle cells
26
Q

T/F; Adult SCs are not tissue specific

A

False; tissue specific

Retain memory or original tissue type

27
Q

Which of the following is the simplest DNA-binding motif and binds DNA as dimers?

a. Helix-turn-helix
b. Zinc finger motif
c. Leucine zipper
d. Helix-loop-helix
e. None of the above

A

a. Helix-turn-helix

28
Q

Which of the following DNA-binding motifs binds to the major groove of DNA?

a. Helix-turn-helix
b. Zinc finger motif
c. Leucine zipper
d. Helix-loop-helix
e. None of the above

A

b. Zinc finger motif

29
Q

Which of the following DNA-binding motifs has interactions between hydrophobic aa side chains at every 7 aa’s down one side of alpha-helix?

a. Helix-turn-helix
b. Zinc finger motif
c. Leucine zipper
d. Helix-loop-helix
e. None of the above

A

c. Leucine zipper

30
Q

Which of the following DNA-binding motifs contains three domains (DNA binding domain, dimerization domain, activation domain), and can occur as homodimers or heterodimers?

a. Helix-turn-helix
b. Zinc finger motif
c. Leucine zipper
d. Helix-loop-helix
e. None of the above

A

d. Helix-loop-helix

31
Q

What are the 3 major transition checkpoints of the cell cycle?

A
  1. G1-S
  2. G2-M
  3. M
32
Q

T/F; Cdks level vary according to the point of time in the cell cycle

A

False; cyclin levels change

Only activities of Cdks rise and fall

33
Q

Which of the following types of chromosome movement pulls the kinetochore and chromosome toward the spindle pole?

a. Depolymerization
b. Microtubule flux
c. Polar ejection force
d. Apoptosis

A

a. Depolymerization; of the (+) end

34
Q

Which of the following types of chromosome movement moves microtubules towards the spindle pole while being dismantled at (-) ends and tubulin is added at the (+) end while being removed at (-) end?

a. Depolymerization
b. Microtubule flux
c. Polar ejection force
d. Apoptosis

A

b. Microtubule flux

35
Q

T/F; polar ejection force involved a push-pull phenomenon

A

True

36
Q

Which of the following proteins aggregates on the mitochondrial outer membrane and induces the release of cytochrome c in the intrinsic apoptosis pathway?

a. Bcl2
b. BH123
c. Cytochrome c
d. BH3

A

b. BH123

37
Q

Which of the following proteins regulate the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis?

a. Bcl2
b. BH123
c. Cytochrome c
d. BH3

A

a. Bcl2; anti-apoptotic

Blocks BH123 aggregation

38
Q

Which of the following proteins regulates anti-apoptotic proteins, thus allowing for apoptosis to occur?

a. Bcl2
b. BH123
c. Cytochrome c
d. BH3

A

d. BH3; pro-apoptotic

39
Q

Define polyp

A

Precursor of colorectal cancer

40
Q

What two components are chromatin made up of?

A

Nuclear DNA

Protein

41
Q

Composition of nucleosome

A

8 histone proteins

2x H2A, H2B, H3, H4

Linker DNA links nucleosomes every 200

42
Q

Homologous recombination (Holliday junctions = gene conversion, crossing over) or non-homologous end joining is the most common?

A

Non-homologous end joining

In homologous recombination, gene conversion is more common than crossing over

43
Q

What happens to the genital ridge during gonadal development when Sry is not present?

A

Genital ridge becomes ovary

PGC becomes an egg

44
Q

Which of the following RNAs codes for protein?

a. rRNA
b. mRNA
c. miRNA
d. snRNA
e. snoRNA
f. siRNA

A

b. mRNA

45
Q

Which of the following types of RNA is involved in splicing pre-mRNA?

a. rRNA
b. mRNA
c. miRNA
d. snRNA
e. snoRNA
f. siRNA

A

d. snRNA; small nuclear RNA

46
Q

Which of the following types of RNA is involved in processing and chemically modifying rRNA?

a. rRNA
b. mRNA
c. miRNA
d. snRNA
e. snoRNA
f. siRNA

A

e. snoRNA; small nucleolar RNA

47
Q

Which of the following types of RNA regulates gene expression by blocking translation of specific mRNAs and causes their degradation?

a. rRNA
b. mRNA
c. miRNA
d. snRNA
e. snoRNA
f. siRNA

A

c. miRNA; microRNA

48
Q

Which of the following types of RNA turns off gene expression by directing the degradation of selective mRNAs and the establishment of compact chromatic structures?

a. rRNA
b. mRNA
c. tRNA
d. snRNA
e. snoRNA
f. siRNA

A

f. siRNA; small interfering RNAs

49
Q

State the three forms of RNA processing in eukaryotes

A
  1. 5’ RNA cap
  2. RNA splicing (intron removal)
  3. 3’ polyadenylation tail
50
Q

In terms of protein trafficking, gated transport occurs between which two compartments?

a. Cytosol and ER
b. Cytosol and Mitochondria
c. Cytosol and Nucleus
d. Cytosol and Golgi

A

c. Cytosol and nucleus; bidirectional

Proteins imported from cytoplasm to nucleus; DNA, RNA polymerase, histones, etc.

Proteins exported to cytosol; tRNA, mRNA

51
Q

Transport across which compartment of the cell involves a signal recognition particle and receptor?

a. Nucleus
b. Endoplasmic reticulum
c. Mitochondria
d. Cytosol

A

b. ER; hydrophobic signal

ER signal sequence & SRP guide ribosomes to ER membrane by binding to signal peptide during its translation process

KCUMB Review (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions