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Y2S2 - Adv. Molecular Biology > MolBio7 - 41 > Flashcards

MolBio7 - 41 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 4 types of RNA?

A

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, snRNA

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2
Q

Describe mRNA

A

Messenger RNA, codes for proteins, 3-5% total RNA

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3
Q

Describe tRNA

A

Transfer RNA, participates in translation, 49 families, each carries amino acid and has a specific anti-codon loop

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4
Q

Describe rRNA

A

Ribosomal RNA, major constituent of ribosomes, 4 main types

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5
Q

What is a stem-loop, and how is it formed?

A

Hair-pin RNA secondary structure caused by Watson-Crick pairing, or sometimes not - G=U can occur

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6
Q

Can RNA form tertiary structures?

A

Yes - tRNA is 3D

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7
Q

What is RNA polymerase?

A

Enzymes performing RNA synthesis

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8
Q

How many types of RNA polymerase are there?

A

3

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9
Q

What does RNA polymerase I do?

A

rRNA synthesis

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10
Q

What does RNA polymerase II do?

A

Protein-coding transcript synthesis

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11
Q

What does RNA polymerase III do?

A

tRNA, snRNA and 5S rRNA

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12
Q

Where does RNA polymerase bind?

A

Specific promotor locations

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13
Q

What direction does RNA synthesis proceed?

A

5’ > 3’

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14
Q

What supplementary actions does RNA polymerase also perform?

A

Unwinds DNA in front, re-anneals behind

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15
Q

What occurs to RNA transcript once transcribed?

A

PolyA tail added for stability and dissociation from the DNA

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16
Q

Name 4 core RNA promoters

A

TATA box, Inr, DPE, BRE

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17
Q

What does TBP stand for?

A

TATA binding protein

18
Q

What does TF stand for?

A

Transcription factor

19
Q

Which promoter does TFII bind?

A

Inr - initiator

20
Q

Which promoter does TBP bind?

A

TATA box

21
Q

What does BRE stand for?

A

TFIIB Recognition Element

22
Q

Which promoter does TFIIB bind?

A

BRE

23
Q

Outline transcription initiation

A

TBP binds TATA box, TFIIA binds to stabilise, TFIIB forms bridge that facilitates binding of complex to promoter, RNA polymerase binds (associated with TFIIF,G+H)

24
Q

Describe the mediator complex

A

Huge complex, >20 subunits, binds to the C-terminal tail of RNA Polymerase II to ensure high levels of transcription

25
Q

What does the mediator complex do?

A

Facilitates association with timing/location control factors, and constructs/remodells chromatin

26
Q

What three processes are applied to RNA once transcribed?

A

5’ capping, intron splicing, PolyA tail addition

27
Q

Outline 5’ capping

A

Added when mRNA is 20-40 nucleotides long, involves unusualis 5’-5’ linkage of guanosine that is then methylated

28
Q

What is the purpose of 5’ capping?

A

Tells translational machinery where the start is

29
Q

Up to how many A can be added in PolyA?

A

200

30
Q

What is the PolyA signal?

A

AAUAAA

31
Q

What three proteins facilitate PolyA creation?

A

CstF, CPSF, CTD, PAP

32
Q

What does CstF stand for?

A

Cleavage stimulating factor

33
Q

What does CPSF stand for?

A

Cleavage and polyadenylation specific factor

34
Q

What does CTD stand for?

A

PollII C-terminal domain

35
Q

What is the relationship between PolyA and RNA stability?

A

Longer tail, more stable

36
Q

What does PAP stand for?

A

PolyA binding protein

37
Q

Why is splicing important?

A

Machinery of cell not capable of ignoring sections of RNA during translation

38
Q

Where do introns appear?

A

DNA and pre-mRNA, not in mRNA

39
Q

Outline splicing

A

DIAGRAM, 2’OH of branch site attacks bond on donor site, cleavage and formation of lariat, 3’OH of donor site attacks acceptor site, freeing lariat, which is then degraded

40
Q

What are snRNPs?

A

Small nuclear ribonuclear proteins (snRNA + U1-2,4-6)

41
Q

What are the three functions of snRNPs?

A

Recognition of 5’ donor branch sites, brinding of sites together, catalysis of RNA cleavage

Y2S2 - Adv. Molecular Biology (14 decks)

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