mol bio terms

Question 1

RNAP active site cleft

Question 2

promoter

Answer 2

region of DNA where RNA polymerase begins to transcribe gene

Question 3

pribnow sequence/-10 box

Answer 3

sequence of TATAAT of six nucleotides

Question 4

abortive initiations

Answer 4

repetitive synthesis and release of short nascent RNAs by RNA polymerase

Question 5

escaping promoter

Answer 5

the process that an initiated RNA polymerase (RNAP) molecule undergoes to achieve the initiation-elongation transition

Question 6

pyrophosphorolyic editing

Answer 6

The polymerase backtracks and removes an incorrectly inserted ribonucleotide by reincorporation of PPi

Question 7

hydrolytic editing

Answer 7

misactivated amino acids are hydrolyzed either before or after transfer to noncognate tRNAs

Question 8

initiation factors

Answer 8

proteins that bind to the small subunit of the ribosome during the initiation of translation

Question 9

RNAP core subunits

Answer 9

β′, β, αΙ, αII, and ω

Question 10

RNAP common subunits

Answer 10

Rpb5, Rpb6, Rpb8, Rpb10 and Rpb12

Question 11

conditionally indispensable

Answer 11

essential only under specific circumstances

Question 12

initiator sequence

Answer 12

directly overlaps the transcription start site and carries out the same function as the TATA motif

Question 13

TFIIB recognition element

Answer 13

recognizes DNA sequence-specific motifs that can flank the TATA elements of the promoters of protein-encoding genes

Question 14

TATA box

Question 15

downstream elements

Question 16

consensus sequence

Question 17

CTD

Question 18

CTD heptapeptide-repeat

Question 19

methylated guanine

Question 20

5’-5’ linkage

Question 21

polyadenylation

Question 22

UTRs

Question 23

exons

Question 24

introns

Question 25

isoforms

Question 26

splicing

Question 27

5’ splice site

Question 28

3’ splice site

Question 29

branch site

Question 30

snRNAs

Question 31

snRNPs

Question 32

lariat loop

Question 33

self-splicing

Question 34

cotranscriptional loading

Question 35

exonic splicing enhancers

Question 36

cloverleaf structure

Question 37

pseudouridine

Question 38

hypoxanthine

Question 39

thymine

Question 40

methylguanine

Question 41

acceptor stem

Question 42

svedberg units

Question 43

A site

Question 44

P site

Question 45

E site

Question 46

aminoacyl-tRNA

Question 47

peptidyl-tRNA

Question 48

anticodon

Question 49

codon

Question 50

inosine

Question 51

wobble position

Question 52

initiation factors

Question 53

Ν-formyl methionine/initiator methionine

Question 54

release factors