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Biochem 6200 > Mokrzan Study Guide (exam 3, pt 1 = ECM) > Flashcards

Mokrzan Study Guide (exam 3, pt 1 = ECM) Flashcards

1
Q

The ECM is a complex network of _______ in the extracellular space

A

The ECM is a complex network of MACROMOLECULES in the extracellular space

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2
Q

The ECM is secreted by ________

A

The ECM is secreted by THE CELLS THAT INHABIT IT

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3
Q

The ECM gives ____ and ____ support to tissues

A

The ECM gives STRUCTURAL and ORGANIZATIONAL support to tissues

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4
Q

T/F: The ECM only makes up a small part of the tissue volume

A

FALSE!! The ECM makes up a SUBSTANTIAL part of the tissue volume

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5
Q

Collage accounts for _____% of total body protein

A

Collagen accounts for 30% of total body protein

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6
Q

_____% of collagen is Type 1

A

90% of collagen is type 1

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7
Q

What is type I collagen?

A

Type I collagen is a FIBRILLAR class, with distributions to SKIN, TENDON, TEETH, and BONES

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8
Q

What are the 4 main families of molecules that comprise the ECM?

A

4 main families comprising the ECM include…

  1. Collagens
  2. Elastins
  3. Glycoproteins
  4. Proteoglycans
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9
Q

There are Fibrillar and non-fibrillar collagens. Type IV is a non-fibrillar (network, to be specific) class which is found in ________.

A

There are Fibrillar and non-fibrillar collagens. Type IV is a non-fibrillar (network, to be specific) class which is found in BASEMENT MEMBRANES, KIDNEYS, and VASCULAR WALLS, and the GLOMERULUS

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10
Q

T/F: The collagen composition is highly consistant in different tissues

A

FALSE!! • Different types and combinations of collagen molecules predominate in different tissues

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11
Q

Collagen is frequently remodeled, and synthesis is affected by physiologic conditions such as
______ and _______

A

Collagen is frequently remodeled, and synthesis is affected by physiologic conditions such as
DIET and MECHANICAL STRESS
note: half life of collagen in relevant tissues incl:
-Perio ligament = 2 days
-Gingiva = 5 days
-Alveolar bone = 6 bays
-Skin = 15 days

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12
Q

Osteogenesis/dentogenesis imperfecta is the result of a genetic mutation that causes ___________ to be replaced by another amino acid

A

Osteogenesis/dentogenesis imperfecta is the result of a genetic mutation that causes THE GLYCINE IN TYPE I COLLAGEN to be replaced by another amino acid

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13
Q

______% of TOTAL BODY PROTEIN is TYPE I collagen

A

27% of TOTAL BODY PROTEIN is TYPE I collagen (90% of all collagen is type 1, and collagen is 30% of total body protein)

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14
Q

How are intra- and inter- chain helices stabilized?

A

H-bonding stabilizes the helices of collagen

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15
Q

Elastin provides ______ and _____ to the ECM

A

Elastin provides FLEXIBILITY and RESILIENCE to the ECM

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16
Q

Elastin is the predominant ECM molecule in _________

A

Elastin is the predominant ECM molecule in BLOOD VESSELS (note: also abundant in skin, lungs, and intestines)

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17
Q

Elastin is found in tissues that require ______

A

Elastin is found in tissues that require ELASTICITY

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18
Q

Elastin is stabilized by _______

A

Elastin is stabilized by TWO-WAY CROSSLINKS

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19
Q

Elastin crosslinks contain ________

A

Elastin crosslinks contain DESMOSINE

20
Q

________ is not synthesized after adolescence

A

ELASTIN is not synthesized after adolescence

21
Q

What are the 2 types of Glycoproteins found in the ECM

A

FIBRONECTIN and LAMININ are are two types of glycoproteins found in the ECM

22
Q

Fibronectin facilitates communication between ________ and ________ compartments

A

Fibronectin facilitates communication between INTRACELLULAR and EXTRACELLULAR compartments

23
Q

___________ of the ECM binds to membrane-spanning receptor proteins called integrins

A

FIBRONECTIN of the ECM binds to membrane-spanning receptor-proteins called integrins

24
Q

Fibronectin binds with _______ such as collagen and fibrin

A

Fibronectin binds to OTHER ECM MOLECULES such as collagen and fibrin

25
Q

All 20 known types of fibronectin (both soluble and insoluble) are produced by _________

A

All 20 known types of fibronectin (both soluble and insoluble) are produced by ALTERNATIVE SPLICING OF A SINGLE PRECURSOR mRNA

26
Q

What are the 6 major/general roles of Fibronectin?

A

Fibronectin plays a major role in…

  1. Cell adhesion
  2. Growth
  3. Differentiation
  4. Embryogenesis
  5. Migration
  6. Wound healing
27
Q

How does Fibronectin help with wound healing?

A

Along with fibrin,plasma fibronectin is deposited at the site of injury, forming a blood clot that stops bleeding and protects the underlying tissue

28
Q

There are both ____ and ______ forms of fibronectin

A

There are both SOLUBLE and INSOLUBLE forms of fibronectin

29
Q

________ prevents S. mutans, P. gingivalis, and other oral pathogens from binding to the oral cavity

A

SOLUBLE FIBRONECTIN IN SALIVA prevents S. mutans, P. gingivalis, and other oral pathogens from binding to the oral cavity

30
Q

Alternative splicing is controlled by what 4 factors/processes?

A

Alternative splicing is controlled by….

  1. Tissue or cell of origin
  2. Embryogenesis
  3. Wound healing
  4. Oncogenesis
31
Q

_______ is found primarily in the basal lamina

A

LAMININ is found primarily in the basal lamina

32
Q

Laminin gives structural support to ______

A

Laminin gives structural support to THE ECM (intergral part of ECM “scaffolding”)

33
Q

Laminin is a component of basement membranes in _____ and _____ tissues

A

Laminin is a component of basement membrane is EPITHELIAL and MUSCLE tissues

34
Q

Laminin binds to cells, often through the ______

A

Laminin binds to cells, often through the INTEGRIN FAMILY OF PROTEINS

35
Q

Defective laminin cause what 3 diseases?

A

Defective laminin causes….

  1. Muscular dystrophy
  2. Lethal skin blistering disease (epidermolysis bullosa)
  3. Defects of kidney filter
36
Q

Proteogylcans are the ______ of the ECM

A

Proteogylcans are the GEL-FORMERS of the ECM

37
Q

Describe the structure of proteoglycans

A

Amino acids (proteins) are linked to a chain of GlcNAc/N-acetylglucosamine, Galactose, and Glucuronic acid by a Xylose.

38
Q

Describe the diversity of proteoglycans

A

Proteoglycans can vary in structure and distribution. Specifically, various proteoglycans will have different characteristic disaccharides, sulfide sources (sulfation), and tissue location (joint, bone, cells, cornea, etc)

39
Q

Proteoglycans have _______ charges, which attract cations and water. The result is ______ of the ECM, which provides rigidity and ______.

A

Proteoglycans have MANY NEGATIVE charges, which attract cations and water. The result is HYDRATION of the ECM, which provides rigidity and DURABILITY (withstands compressional forces!!)

40
Q

<p>

| Proteoglycans are \_\_\_\_% of ECM protein, but because of their hydrophilicity, \_\_\_\_\_ chains fill most of the EC space</p>

A

<p>

| Proteoglycans are <10% of ECM protein, but because of their hydrophilicity, GAG chains fill most of the EC space</p>

41
Q

Describe Aggrecans

A

Aggrecan are a type of proteoglycan that is found alongside collagen as the main components of cartilage. The negative charges on the repeating GAG units of aggrecan attract water absorption.
As a result, aggrecan acts as a cushion for impact retention by absorbing and desorbing water.
This role is particularly important in between joints that sustain high amounts of impact in mammalian bodies, such as the knees.

42
Q

What are the tissue-specific functions of proteoglycans?

A

Tissue-specific functions of proteoglycans include….

  1. Bind Growth Factors
  2. Regulate enzyme activity of secreted proteins
  3. Act as co-receptors
43
Q

Describe Mucopolysaccharidoses

A

Mucopolysaccharidoses, are a group of genetic diseases related to proteoglycans and lysosomal storage problems.
The inactivity of specific lysosomal enzymes that normally degrade GAGs leads to the accumulation of proteoglycans within cells. This leads to a variety of disease symptoms.

44
Q

The ECM regulates ______

A

The ECM regulates CELLULAR PROCESSES

45
Q

Collagen provides ______ and _____ to the ECM

A

Collagen provides STRENGTH AND STRUCTURE to the ECM

46
Q

Glycoproteins provide ______ and ______ to the ECM

A

Glycoproteins provide STRUCTURE and CELL ADHESION to the ECM

47
Q

Alterations in ECM characteristics can lead to ____________

A

Alterations in ECM characteristics can lead to CHRONIC DISEASES

Biochem 6200 (4 decks)

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