Módulo 5 Flashcards
Lenguaje especializado
(Si es deficiente hay problemas en 4 niveles)
- cognitivos (temas - términos - conceptos)
- lingüísticos (estructuras: conocimientos subyacentes)
- pragmáticos (registros)
- socioculturales (interlocutores - contexto de comunicación
Marcado de capitales
Medio para el desarrollo económico de una sociedad que hace posible la transición del ahorro a la inversión.
Moviliza recursos de mediano y largo plazo, mediante la compraventa de instrumentos de inversión llamados títulos valores.
-Instrumentos de renta fija (bonos)
-instrumentos de renta variable (acciones o derivados).
Traducción de expresiones metafóricas: características (4) y estrategias (3)
C:
1. Muy ligadas a la cultura en la que se utilizan
2. A veces se debe adaptar la metáfora (con creatividad)
3. La temática se debe mantener
4. entender la visión del mundo que tienen los habitantes de las diferentes lenguas
E:
1) M > M: usar un equivalente exacto de la metáfora original
2) M1 > M2: buscar otra expresión metafórica con un sentido similar
3) M > P: sustituir una metáfora intraducible del original por su paráfrasis literal aproximada
Fondos mutuos de inversión/mutual funds: definición and main types (7)
D: grupo de personas con objetivos de inversión similares que aportan su dinero para que un profesional lo administre mediante la inversión en una cartera diversificada de activos.
SBIBMIB
Types:
1) stock fund: equity or stocks
2) bond fund: generates a consistent and minimum return is part of the fixed-income category
3) index mutual fund: replicate the performance of a specific index, requires less research from analysts and advisors, so fewer expenses
4) balanced fund: different securities, cut risk through diversification.
5) money market mutual fund: safe, risk-free, short-term debt instruments. aren’t insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) like savings accounts or CDs.
6) income fund: invest primarily in government and high-quality corporate debt, holding these bonds until maturity to provide interest, steady cash flow
7) blended fund: mix of value and growth stocks, those that offer strong earning growth
Planes de jubilación - Argentina
SIPA (Sistema Integrado Previsional Argentino)
- Régimen previsional, público, solidario e integral
- Administrado por el ANSES, con respaldo del Estado Nacional
- Todos los trabajadores en relación de dependencia realizan un aporte del 11%
Planes de jubilación - Estados Unidos
- Sector privado
- Finanzas personales
- Inversiones a través de los administradores de fondos para la jubilación
- Planes de jubilación (empresas, inst. financieras)
- Material publicitario (condiciones y regulaciones de cada plan)
Nest egg
substantial sum of money that has been saved or invested for a specific purpose, such as retirement, buying a home and education
Retirement plans options: (us) (2)
- employer controlled plans
- individual arrangement plans
US Qualified retirement plans:
2 types
1) Defined-benefit Plans
- Employer funded
- Predetermined employees’ retirement benefits: based on your salary and/or years of service and age
- The PBGC (Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation) guarantees some amount of benefit
- The benefit stays with the plan until retirement (some options)
2) Defined-contribution Plans
- Managed by the employee and sometimes by investment officials
- Benefits are based on the contribution amount, investment performance/earnings or losses and account fees
- No federal guarantee or benefits. The employee bears the investment risk
- reduce taxable income
- Types: profit-sharing plan, an employee stock ownership plan (ESOP), a 401 (k) plan or a money-purchase pension plan
- Early withdrawals subject to fees
401 (k) plans
- salary reduction plans
- qualified employer-established
- tax-advantaged options: contributions and earnings
- eligible employees may make salary deferral (salary reduction)
- employers offering this plan may make matching or non-elective contributions to the plan and may also add profit-sharing feature to the plan
- self-directed: managed by the employee and sometimes by investment officials
- earnings in this plan accrue on a tax-deferred basis
- penalties may apply to early withdrawals
Individual Retirement Account (IRA) (4)
1) Traditional IRAs: tax-deferred. taxes withdrawals from the account. The contributions to this account are tax-deductible
2) Roth IRAs: Contributions are made with after-tax dollars. The plan is tax-free, so withdrawals are fully tax-free. not tax-deductible
3) SIMPLE IRAs are established by small business owners and self-employed individuals.
4) SEP IRAs are established by small business owners and self-employed individuals.
